Chapter 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15

Positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because of their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) ________ effect.

Amplifying

Which of the following statements about the effect of power is true?

Coercive power has a slightly negative effect.

During the regional debate one of the candidates was dressed very differently from the others. He was wearing a t-shirt that said "USA," jeans, and sandals. He was trying to make a unique first impression by standing out from the "stuffy" other candidates. What type of action did this violate to make a killer first impression?

Consider your ornaments. Explanation: This candidate will likely not make a killer first impression by his outfit choice. Many people will draw conclusions that this might be too informal and not appropriate or professional enough for a debate.

Mario is setting up an after-school program for inner-city youth. The population is a mix of white, African American and Latino, with Latinos comprising the majority of participants. Which of the following would help the group overcome stereotypes?

Create project opportunities using a mix of populations with equal status. Explanation: Managers/leaders should create opportunities for diverse people to meet and work together in cooperative groups of equal status. Social scientists believe positive interpersonal contact among mixed groups is the best way to reduce stereotypes because it provides people with more accurate data about the characteristics of others.

XYZ Inc. brings together specialists from production, marketing, and finance from around the world, and gives each such team the power to make its own decisions. This implies that the firm is creating a(n) ________ team.

Cross-functional Explanation: Cross-functionalism occurs when specialists from different areas are put on the same team. XYZ Inc. is creating a cross-functional team as it brings together specialists from production, marketing, and finance from around the world.

Adam is a new product development manager for Hello2u.org, an Internet match-making service. He has only two employees reporting directly to him. From what you have read about organization charts, what do you know for sure?

He has a narrow span of control. Explanation: Span of control refers to the number of people reporting directly to a given manager. Spans of control range from narrow to wide. For example, the president in Figure 15.3 has a narrow span of control of two.

________ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of persevering toward goals.

Hope

Which of the following is true about balancing positive and negative emotions?

Ideally, we should try to have more positive experiences than negative.

Which of the following statements about impression management is false?

Impression management is generally damaging to careers. Explanation: A moderate amount of upward impression management is a necessity for the average employee today. For example, ingratiation can slightly improve your performance appraisal results and make your boss like you significantly more. Engage in too little impression management and busy managers are liable to overlook some of your valuable contributions when they make job assignment, pay, and promotion decisions. Too much, and you run the risk of being branded a "schmoozer," a "phony," and other unflattering things by your coworkers. Consider, for instance, that noticeable flattery and ingratiation can backfire by embarrassing the target person and damaging your credibility.

Which of the following statements about the use of email is false?

It hinders effective teamwork. Explanation: Table 9.3 lists increased teamwork as one benefit of email.

Which of the following statements about mechanistic organizations is true?

Mechanistic organizations generally are expected to produce reliability and consistency in internal processes. Explanation: The orderliness of mechanistic organizations is expected to produce reliability and consistency in internal processes, thereby resulting in higher efficiency, quality, and timeliness.

Which of the following statements about mindfulness is false?

Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander.

What is true about research on the relationship of virtuous leadership to organizational and individual employee performance?

Recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between these variables.

________ power comes into play when one's personal characteristics and social relationships become the reason for compliance.

Referent

Sarah and Bill were recently hired at the local manufacturing plant. Before being hired, they were interviewed by the team members with whom they were going to work. The team contained members from various areas of the manufacturing process. As part of the training process, Sarah and Bill met the other team members a number of times, and learned how to perform several administrative tasks, including scheduling work assignments for the team. Sarah and Bill's new team is an example of a(n) ________ team.

Self-managed Explanation: Sarah and Bill's team is an example of a self-managed team. Self-managed teams are defined as groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for their task domains. Administrative oversight involves delegated activities such as planning, scheduling, monitoring, and staffing. These are chores normally performed by managers. In short, employees in these unique work groups act as their own supervisor.

Syndey takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her ideas. This represent the ________ stage; it is a time of testing.

Storming. Explanation: During the storming stage, individuals test the leader's policies and assumptions as they try to decide how they fit into the power structure.

A ________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

Team Explanation: A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

__________ is a control mechanism in which organizations make sure that the right people do the right things at the right time.

The hierarchy of authority Explanation: Hierarchy of authority is a control mechanism dedicated to making sure the right people do the right things at the right time.

Which of the following does not help guard against social loafing?

Undesignated roles Explanation: Social loafing is common and problematic and you can guard against it by limiting group size, ensuring accountability, building in feedback, and cultivating cohesion.

We build stereotypes through a four-step process. Which of the following is not part of the process?

a. Maintenance b. Appraisal c. Categorization* d. Inferences

Which of the following is not one of the recommendations to managers about reducing stereotypes?

a. Managers should educate people about stereotypes. b. Managers should create opportunities for diverse employees to work together. c. Managers should encourage all employees to strive to increase their awareness of stereotypes. * d. Managers should provide opportunities for employees to get accurate data about the characteristics of other groups of people. Explanation: The key managerial challenge is to reduce the extent to which stereotypes influence decision making and interpersonal processes throughout the organization. We suggest three ways that this can be achieved. Managers should educate people about stereotypes and how they can influence our behavior and decision making. Managers should create opportunities for diverse employees to meet and work together in cooperative groups of equal status. Managers should encourage all employees to strive to increase their awareness regarding stereotypes.

Deep-level characteristics of diversity

a. are the most stable b. are unchangeable c. include attitudes, opinions, and values * d. are not under our control e. include our ethnicity Explanation: Deep-level characteristics are those that take time to emerge in interactions, such as attitudes, opinions, and values. These characteristics are definitely under our control.

Jenny is described by her friends as independent, distrusting authority, and technologically savvy. One of her strongest memories is the day of the Oklahoma City bombings. She is most likely to be a member of the ________ generation.

a. baby boomers b. gen Xers* c. gen Zers d. traditionalists e. millenials Explanation: Gen Xers were born from 1965 to 1979. Table 4.3 lists the traits of Gen Xers as self-reliance, work/life balance, adaptable, cynical, distrust authority, independent, and technologically savvy. Gen Xers' key historical events are MTV, the AIDS epidemic, the Gulf War, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Oklahoma City bombing, the 1987 stock market crash, and the Bill Clinton-Monica Lewinsky scandal.

________ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past.

a. discrimination effect b. affirmative action* c. managing diversity d. A legitimacy program d. the glass ceiling Explanation: Affirmative action is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past.

Because LGBTQ employees often experience a lack of ________, their engagement, performance, and retention can be affected.

a. diversity management b. affirmative action c. inclusion* d. earning potential e. fairness Explanation: Organizations cannot afford to allow between 3.9 and 5.1 percent (estimated number of people who identify as LGBT) of the workforce to feel disenfranchised.

What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it acknowledges differences but does not value nor accept them?

a. mutual adaptation b. building relationships c. toleration* d. isolation e. suppression Explanation: Toleration entails acknowledging differences but not valuing or accepting them. It represents a live-and-let-live approach that superficially allows organizations to give lip service to the issue of managing diversity. Toleration is different from isolation in that it allows for the inclusion of diverse people. However, differences are not really valued or accepted when an organization uses this option.

Of the following options, which is the best action to address any type of diversity issue?

a. mutual adaptation* b. exclusion c. denial d. isolation e. assimilation Explanation: Inclusion, building relationships, and mutual adaptation are the preferred strategies. Mutual adaptation is the only approach that unquestionably endorses the philosophy behind managing diversity.

When psychologically empowered, an employee feels all of the following except

agreeableness Explanation: Psychological empowerment occurs when employees feel a sense of meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact at work.

The ________ translates an organization's vision and strategy into a comprehensive set of performance measures that provides the framework for a strategic measurement and management system.

balanced scorecard Explanation: The balanced scorecard (BSC) translates an organization's vision and strategy into a comprehensive set of performance measures that provides the framework for a strategic measurement and management system. It retains an emphasis on achieving financial objectives, but also includes the performance drivers of these financial objectives.

George has persuaded most of his department to support a cancer run this spring. He really wants to get Nathan on board since Nathan frequently runs in marathons. George asks Terry, Sandy, and Marvin to "work on Nathan." This is using ________ to get others to support your efforts to persuade someone.

coalition tactics Explanation: Coalition tactics is getting others to support your efforts to persuade someone.

The use of expert power tends to result in

commitment

In the ________, organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation.

contingency approach

Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation?

conveying routine feedback Explanation: Examples of crucial conversations include ending a relationship, talking to a coworker or classmate who behaves offensively, giving the boss or professor feedback, critiquing a classmate or colleague's work, asking a roommate to move out, talking to a team member who isn't keeping commitments, and giving and unfavorable performance review.

During Vivek's meeting with his academic advisor, he is very distracted by a group chat that is happening on his phone. He knows he should change a class, but the advisor is taking so long to find an alternative section and he's already thinking that he'll change majors so the class doesn't matter. Vivek is exhibiting the ________ style of listening.

detached explanation: Detached listeners tend to withdraw from the interaction. They appear inattentive, bored, distracted, and uninterested. They may start using mobile devices during the speaking-listening exchange. Body language will reflect lack of interest, such as slumping and avoiding direct eye contact. Vivek is exhibiting a detached listening style checking his phone while his advisor is trying to find him an alternate class.

Which of the following is a traditional organizational design?

divisional Explanation: Organizations defined by a traditional approach tend to have functional, divisional, and/or matrix structures.

Which of the following is not a benefit of virtual teams?

easier to establish team cohesion Explanation: Virtual teams and distributed workers present many potential benefits: reduced real estate costs (limited or no office space); ability to leverage diverse knowledge, skills, and experience across geography and time (e.g., one doesn't have to have an SAP expertise in every office); ability to share knowledge of diverse markets; and reduced commuting and travel expenses.

The millennial generation is described as

entitled, civic-minded, closely involved with parents. Explanation: Table 4.3, Generational Differences, lists the broad traits of Millennials as entitled, civic-minded, close parental involvement, cyberliteracy, appreciate diversity, multitasking, work/life balance, and technologically savvy.

There are two competing explanations about the origin of linguistic styles between men and women: ________ and ________.

evolutionary psychology; social role theory Explanation: There are two competing explanations about the origin of linguistic styles between men and women. Some researchers believe interpersonal differences between women and men are due to inherited biological differences between the sexes. This perspective, also called the evolutionary psychology or Darwinian perspective, attributes gender differences in communication to drives, needs, and conflicts associated with reproductive strategies used by women and men. The second perspective, social role theory, suggests that girls and boys are taught to communicate differently. Here is what these explanations suggest about male and female communication patterns.

Sharon is the Director of Human Resources at a company that is undergoing a merger with another organization. As a result of the merger, a portion of the combined workforce will be laid off. Sharon understands that even with a lucrative severance package, the news will adversely affect the lives of these employees. Therefore, she wants to break the news to them in a sensitive manner so as to maintain the company's image. Which of the following is the most appropriate communication medium to use in this situation?

face-to-face conversation Explanation: Communication effectiveness is partly based on using the medium that is most appropriate for the situation at hand. Face-to-face conversation is the richest form of communication. It provides immediate feedback and allows for the observation of multiple cues such as body language and tone of voice. Face-to-face conversations are useful for communicating about sensitive or important issues that require feedback and intensive interaction.

One of the "pros" of _________ organizations is clear roles and responsibilities.

functional

Belinda takes on the role of ________; she tends to mediate conflict through humor.

harmonizer. Explanation: According to Table 8.2, Task and Maintenance Roles, the harmonizer mediates conflict through reconciliation or humor.

Recent research shows that in the forming and storming stages of team development, teams perform better when members exhibit which of the following personality traits?

high tolerance for uncertainty Explanation: Recent research shows that in the early stages of team development (i.e., forming and storming) teams perform better when members have a high tolerance for uncertainty (a personality trait).

In a __________ structure, teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are created to improve collaboration and work on common products.

horizontal

It's Monday morning and you know by the end of the week that the performance reviews are going to be given out. You tell your manager that she looks really nice today and want to know where she got her shoes. You also offer to pick her up a cup of coffee during the next break. This is a soft influence tactic, known as

ingratiation Explanation: Some refer to the first five influence tactics—rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, consultation, ingratiation, and personal appeals—as soft tactics because they are friendlier than, and not as coercive as the last four tactics—exchange, coalition, pressure, and legitimating tactics, which are hard tactics because they involve more overt pressure. Ingratiation involves getting someone in a good mood prior to making a request. Being friendly and helpful and using praise, flattery, or humor. A particular form of ingratiation is "brownnosing."

Of the following, ________ is the most frequently experienced emotion.

love

One of the cons of ________ organizations is the potential for conflict when employees report to two bosses if those managers fail to coordinate.

matrix

Amy receives a note from Carrie, asking her to pick up some materials for a project from Staples. Amy does the shopping, but misses a few items because she can't decipher Carrie's writing. This is an example of

noise Explanation: Noise represents anything that interferes with the transmission and understanding of the message.

Otto is convinced that social media offers many benefits for employees and wants to institute a plan at Compass Inc. Which of the following is not a potential benefit for employees?

personal stability Explanation: Evidence is mounting that social media confers a host of benefits for employees, such as

Mickey is a successful salesman at AHR Corp. In addition to his normal duties, Mickey has created a best practices manual for new salespeople to help ensure their success. This is an example of

positive deviance.

The ________ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is life-depleting.

positivity

The highest degree of empowerment is

power distribution.

When a receiver expresses a reaction to the sender's message, he or she is

providing feedback. Explanation: Feedback is when the receiver expresses a reaction to the sender's message.

What is the group development process called where groups establish periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic change in norms, roles and/or objectives?

punctuated equilibrium. Explanation: Punctuated equilibrium is a form of development in which groups establish periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic change in norms, roles, and/or objectives. The group then establishes and maintains new norms of functioning, returning to equilibrium (shown in Figure 8.3).

Armando has a goal of earning a B in his statistics course, but currently his grade is a C-. Therefore, he decides to study more hours for the next test and even get involved in a study group. Armando is experiencing

resilience

In his annual performance review meeting with Eileen, who has been working at the company for two years, Ruben suggests that if she keeps up her good work she is likely to be offered a promotion within the next year. Ruben is exercising his ________ power.

reward Explanation: Individuals or organizations have reward power if they can obtain compliance by promising or granting rewards.

Women are more likely to ________ compared to men.

share credit Explanation: Women are more likely to share credit for success, to ask questions for clarification, to tactfully give feedback by mitigating criticism with praise, and to indirectly tell others what to do.

Which of the following is not a criteria for businesses demonstrating doing well and doing good?

taking a net loss

Marion is frustrated with her OB project group. She frequently asks: "What's the problem with our group? We don't seem to be getting anywhere." This is a(n) ________ function.

task Explanation: Task roles enable the work group to define, clarify, and pursue a common purpose.

The ________ principle specifies that each employee should report to only one manager.

unity of command Explanation: The unity of command principle specifies that each employee should report to only one manager.