chapter 4

British governance of colonial America during the first half of the eighteenth century was shaped by a policy of:

"salutary neglect."

What percentage of the populations of New York and New Jersey in the 1770s was made up of slaves?

10 %

The view that reason alone was capable of establishing the essentials of religion, and that outdated superstitions included belief in the revealed truth of the Bible and miracles was called:

Arminianism.

The Seven Years' War (called the French and Indian War in the colonies) was fought between:

British and French

Almost all African slaves in the eighteenth century came from the same African tribe. T/F

false

As Britain's global power expanded, British patriotism actually declined. T/F

false

As Britain's global power expanded, British patriotism actually declined. (T/F)

false

By the eighteenth century, northern colonies were free of slavery. T/F

false

By the middle of the eighteenth century, most elections were fiercely contested throughout the American colonies. (T/F)

false

By the middle of the eighteenth century, most elections were fiercely contested throughout the American colonies. T/F

false

During the Great Awakening of the eighteenth century, most colonial slaveowners who proclaimed their Christian faith freed their slaves after concluding that blacks and whites were brothers in Christ. T/F

false

During the course of the 1700s, the colonies increasingly grew apart from the British empire. T/F

false

During the eighteenth century, both Spain and France steadily lost interest in their North American empires. T/F

false

Indians who lived in the Catholic missions established by Father Junipero Serra in California generally lived happy, healthy, free, and long lives. T/F

false

The exchange of goods among Spanish colonists, French colonists, and Indians in North America was known as the "triangular trade." T/F

false

The country whose trading posts ringed British mainland colonies to the North and West in the eighteenth century was:

france

During the first half of the eighteenth century, British "salutary neglect":

left the colonies to largely govern themselves.

During the 1700s, voting in the colonies was restricted to:

men who owned property

In Jonathan Edwards's view, what was a sinner's only hope?

new birth in which they become christians

The military outposts established by the Spanish in California and New Mexico were called:

presidios.

The Proclamation Line of 1763:

prohibited further colonial settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.

The main crop worked by the "task" system in eighteenth-century South Carolina was:

rice

The Stono Rebellion in South Carolina:

slave revolt

The movement that sought to apply the scientific method of careful investigation based on research and experiment to politics and social life was called:

the Enlightenment.

"Deism" was a religious adaptation of Enlightenment thought in both Europe and colonial America. T/F

true

According to the English minister George Whitefield, people could participate in their own salvation through their own actions; they were not, as predominant Protestant religions had traditionally held, unable to affect their destiny. T/f

true

Which was not a part of "republicanism"—the central element in the British ideology of liberty—in the eighteenth century? A. the view that only property-owning citizens possessed virtue B. Virtue was understood to be both personal morality and willingness to subordinate self-interest to the public good. C. John Trenchard's and Thomas Gordon's writings D. the view that Lockean liberalism was essential to the good society

D. the view that Lockean liberalism was essential to the good society

The leading promoter of the Great Awakening was:

George Whitefield.

During Pontiac's Rebellion, Neolin, the prophet, asserted all except:

Indians must use British technology to defeat their enemies.

Slaves killed nine whites in a 1712 slave uprising in:

NYC

Slaves killed nine whites in a 1712 slave uprising in: a. New York City. b. Charleston, South Carolina. c. Richmond, Virginia. d. Wilmington, North Carolina.

NYC

Father Junipero Serra founded the first Catholic mission in 1769 at:

San Diego

Founded in 1727, the Junto was:

a club that discussed literature, philosophy, science, and politics.

Which of the following was not a feature of slave life in colonial America? a. Under the oppressions of slavery, African-Americans had little chance to form families or communities. b. Slaves on large plantations had greater autonomy from whites than did those on small farms or in towns. c. Slaves pursued freedom through individual escape and collective rebellion. d. From the shared experience of slavery, an African-American identity gradually materialized.

a. Under the oppressions of slavery, African-Americans had little chance to form families or communities.

Which was not true of the Middle Passage? a. People were sometimes held between decks that were only one-and-a-half feet in height. b. Seventy percent of slaves were destined for North America. c. About one slave in five died on the Middle Passage. d. Ship captains sometimes threw slaves overboard, especially when they were sick.

b. Seventy percent of slaves were destined for North America.

Which of the following was not a significant effect of the Seven Years' War? a. the extension of England's North American empire west to the Mississippi b. an easing of frontier tensions between British colonists and Indians c. an elaborate reordering of the global balance of power d. a strengthening of bonds among the colonies, and between colonists and mother country

b. an easing of frontier tensions between British colonists and Indians

Which of the following was not an important trend in colonial politics during the first half of the 1700s? a. increasing efforts by colonial elites to curtail imperial authority b. elimination of property qualifications for voting and officeholding c. expanding involvement of ordinary people in public debate d. growing popular support for the principle of free expression

b. elimination of property qualifications for voting and officeholding

Which of the following is not a valid comparison of the eighteenth-century ideas of "republicanism" and "liberalism"? a. Between the two, republicanism placed greater emphasis on public service; liberalism, on individual rights. b. Between the two, liberalism placed greater emphasis on restraining government intrusion into private life. c. Each condemned material inequality as incompatible with freedom. d. Each regarded property as an essential element of freedom.

c. Each condemned material inequality as incompatible with freedom.

Which was not the case for blacks on South Carolina and Georgia rice plantations: a. They constructed African-style houses. b. They chose African names for their children. c. Many were free blacks. d. They spoke a language called Gullah that mixed various African roots.

c. Many were free blacks.

Which of the following was not a defining feature of the Great Awakening? a. an impassioned, emotional style of ministry b. a concern that material gain was overtaking spiritual salvation as the chief pursuit of colonial Americans c. an insistence that one's spiritual destiny—be it salvation or damnation—could not be affected by one's actions in life d. a tendency to subject old, established doctrines to fresh consideration

c. an insistence that one's spiritual destiny—be it salvation or damnation—could not be affected by one's actions in life

In the eighteenth century, the British Constitution—the unwritten groundwork of British freedom—celebrated all except: a. the rule of law. b. the right to a jury trial. c. the right for all men to vote. d. the right to live under laws to which one's representatives had consented.

c. the right for all men to vote.

"Cheap imported textiles undermined traditional craft production, while guns encouraged the further growth of slavery" in Africa, writes Eric Foner. Define "textiles."

cloth

Which of the following was not a regional pattern of colonial slavery? a. In the Chesapeake, slaveholding was common among small farmers and large planters alike. b. Field slaves in the rice-producing colonies had less regular contact with whites than did those in the tobacco-producing colonies. c. In the northern colonies, slaves could be found in a wide range of trades, both urban and rural. d. In the colonial backcountry, black slaves tended to outnumber free whites.

d. In the colonial backcountry, black slaves tended to outnumber free whites.

Which was not an element in the Triangular Trade? a. British-made goods were shipped to Africa. b. Colonial products, including tobacco, sugar, and rice, were shipped to Europe. c. Slaves were shipped to the New World. d. Tea and luxury goods were shipped to Britain from Asia.

d. Tea and luxury goods were shipped to Britain from Asia.

Olaudah Equiano was: a. a slave who purchased his freedom. b. a sailor in the Royal Navy. c. able to read and write. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above

Olaudah Equiano was: a. a slave who purchased his freedom. b. a sailor in the Royal Navy. c. able to read and write. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

By the mid-1700s, which was not one of the distinct, well-established slave systems in Britain's mainland colonies? a. tobacco-based plantation slavery in the Chesapeake b. rice-based plantation slavery in South Carolina and Georgia c. nonplantation slavery in New England and the Middle Colonies d. cotton-based slavery in the Black Belt of the Deep South

d. cotton-based slavery in the Black Belt of the Deep South

The Proclamation Line of 1763: a. was the treaty that ended the Seven Years' War. b. was Chief Joseph's famous proclamation, "I shall fight no more forever." c. was the famously proclaimed line by King George, "My kingdom for a horse." d. prohibited further colonial settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.

d. prohibited further colonial settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.

Belief that God withdrew after creating the world, leaving it to function according to scientific laws, and that study of nature, rather than worship in organized churches, is the best form of religious devotion is called:

deism

The Albany Plan of Union of 1754: a. restructured marriage; mitigating earlier femme coverte laws. b. sought to keep the South from seceding from the Union. c. made the union between a husband and wife binding on both parties. d. envisioned a council of all the colonies for their common defense.

envisioned a council of all the colonies for their common defense.

An irony of the 1763 British victory in the Seven Years' War is that victory ultimately contributed to Britain's loss of its mainland American colonies, since, in seeking to pay for the Seven Years' War, the British government raised taxes on American colonists who protested taxation without representation. (T/F)

true

An irony of the 1763 British victory in the Seven Years' War is that victory ultimately contributed to Britain's loss of its mainland American colonies, since, in seeking to pay for the Seven Years' War, the British government raised taxes on American colonists who protested taxation without representation. T/F

true

As a consequence of British victory in the Seven Years' War, Britain not only won control of Canada but also gained control of India. (T/F)

true

As a consequence of British victory in the Seven Years' War, Britain not only won control of Canada but also gained control of India. T/F

true

Britons and colonists tended to regard themselves as the freest people in the world. T/F

true

By the 1700s, the population of Spanish North America was small, consisting of a few, isolated urban clusters in Florida, Texas, and New Mexico. T/F

true

Eighteenth-century liberalism drew heavily upon the thinking of the philosopher John Locke T/F

true

Eighteenth-century liberalism drew heavily upon the thinking of the philosopher John Locke. (T/f)

true

England and Scotland were united in 1707 by the Act of Union to create Great Britain. T/F

true

Freedom and slavery simultaneously expanded in the course of the eighteenth century as both the idea of the freeborn Englishman grew and the Atlantic slave trade expanded. T/F

true

George Washington, a British soldier, was forced to surrender at Fort Necessity in Pennsylvania after he lost a third of his men in an ill-conceived effort to fight a larger French and Indian force. T/F

true

In eighteenth-century Britain, the ideologies of "republicanism" and "liberalism" both underscored the importance of private property as a foundation of freedom. T/F

true

In the Ohio Valley (the "middle ground"), the Iroquois were known for their ability to play the French and British empires against each other. T/F

true

In the eighteenth century, only 5 percent of adult men in Britain could vote, but between 50 and 80 percent of adult white males in the colonies could vote. T/F

true

Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821. (T/F)

true

Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821. T/F

true

Most African rulers took part in the Atlantic slave trade. T/F

true

The Great Awakening principally awakened (or re-awakened) colonists to faith in Christianity, and it also, by calling people to read the Bible and think about it for themselves, had the effect of encouraging colonists to assert their right to independent judgment. This independence of thought had important implications for the development of the view that people no longer needed to listen to authorities, but could democratically assert their own views in politics. T/F

true

The Great Awakening was a religious movement that called colonists to awaken to the truth of the divinity of Jesus Christ. T/F

true

The Paxton Boys:

were Scotch-Irish farmers who set out to attack Indians near Philadelphia.