Chapter 4

The Fahrenheit scale of temperature measurement would be best described as an example of: 1) interval data 2) discrete data 3) nominal data 4) continuous data

1) Interval data

which of the following is not a typical example of nominal data: 1) gender 2) SAT scores 3) Hair color 4) Ethnic group

2) SAT scores

Justin Zobel suggests that revising your writing requires you to "be egoless-ready to dislike anything you have previously written", suggesting it is _______ that you need to please: 1) yourself 2) the reader 3) the customer 4) your boss

2) the reader

Qualitative data

Categorical data. Information describing color, shape, or some other physical characteristic.

Gold, silver, and bronze medals would be examples of

Ordinal Data

line charts are not recommended for what type of data?

Qualitative Data

what is the most appropriate chart when showing a relationship between two variables?

Scatter Chart

in the late 1960s, Ed Altman developed a model to predict if a company was at severe risk of going bankrupt. He called his statistic Altman's Z-score, now a widely used score in finance. Based on the name of the statistic, what statistical distribution would you guess this came from?

Standardized Normal Distribution

ratio data

The most sophisticated type of data on the scale of nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio; a type of quantitative data. They can be counted and grouped just like qualitative data, and the differences between each data point are meaningful like with interval data. Additionally, ratio data have a meaningful 0. In other words, once a dataset approaches 0, 0 means "the absence of." An example of ratio data is currency.

interval data

The third most sophisticated type of data on the scale of nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio; a type of quantitative data. Interval data can be counted and grouped like qualitative data, and the differences between each data point are meaningful. However, interval data do not have a meaningful 0. In interval data, 0 does not mean "the absence of" but is simply another number. An example of interval data is the Fahrenheit scale of temperature measurement.

Ordinal data

Type of qualitative data. Similar to nominal data, but can be ordered or ranked according to some relationship to one another.

Nominal Data

Type of qualitative data. Simplest form of data. Includes hair color, gender, and ethnic group.

continuous data

data that can take on any value within a range.

discrete data

data represented by whole numbers.

quantitative data

more complex than qualitative data, because not only can they be counted and grouped, but the differences between each data point are meaningful. They are made up of observations that are numerical and can be counted and ranked, but can also be averaged.

the least sophisticated type of data

nominal data

the most sophisticated type of data

ratio data

exploratory visualizations

used to gain insights while you are interacting with data

declarative visualizations

used to present findings