Chapter 4
Stage 2 of sleep cycle
small bursts of activities spindles, non rem sleep. Periodic appearance of sleep spindles, bursts of rapid, rhythmic brainwave activity Can still be awakened without too much difficulty During this stage, you are now clearly asleep Sleep talking- usually garbled or nonsensical can occur during this or any other stage of sleep.
stage 4 sleep
the deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation. Deep sleep Slower, larger delta waves during this deep sleep At the end of this stage, children may wet the bed. Sleep walking
Stage 1 sleep
-Light sleep -The brain emits alpha waves--> consistent with a relaxed state of wakefulness. Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus May have a sensation of falling when the body may suddenly jerk or a sensation of floating weightlessly Hypnagogic sensations- transitional state between wakefulness and sleep.
Stage 5 of sleep
20-25%; REM; brainwaves speed up and dreaming occurs; increased heart rate; rapid and shallow breathing. REM sleep Roughly for about 10 minutes Your brain waves become rapid and saw-toothed, like stage 1 Brain's motor cortex is active during this stage, your brainstem blocks its messages, leaving your muscles relaxed Heart rate rises, breathing becomes rapid and irregular Every half-minute or so, your eyes dart around in a momentary burst of activity behind closed lids Genitals become aroused regardless of whether the dream's content is sexual Cannot easily be awakened Paradoxical sleep- the body is internally aroused and externally calm Visual and auditory brain areas are relatively active during this stage Dreams are often emotional, usually story-like, and more richly hallucinatory
stage 3 sleep
A sleep characterized by slow brain waves, with greater peaks and valleys in the wave pattern than in stage 2 sleep. Transitional non- REM sleep Brain begins to emit large slow delta waves. Hard to awaken
Paradoxical Sleep
Also known as REM sleep or dreaming sleep, paradoxical sleep is a distinct stage of sleep with intense brain activity in the forebrain and midbrain. It is characterized by dreaming and the absence of motor function with the exception of the eye muscles and the diaphragm. Occurs during stage 5 when the body is internally aroused and externally calm.
Slow-wave, or delta waves
Delta waves, like other brain waves, are recorded with an electroencephalogram (EEG) and are usually associated with the deep stage 3 of NREM sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS), and aid in characterizing the depth of sleep. Stage: 3 Brain begins to emit large slow delta waves Stage 4: Slower, larger delta waves during this deep sleep
Nightmares vs Night terrors
Nightmares occur during REM sleep. Nightmares, or dreams with explicit, unsettling content, occur most often during REM sleep, when the brain is most prone to vivid dreaming. Because they happen during REM sleep, nightmares often occur later at night or early-morning hours when the brain reaches that part of the sleep cycle. Night terrors, on the other hand, tend to occur earlier, during non-REM sleep. And often have physical reactions to their dreams.
REM Behavior Disorder
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder is a sleep disorder in which you physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep — sometimes called dream-enacting behavior.
deepest sleep stage
Stage 4 deep sleep with slower, larger delta waves during this deep sleep At the end of this stage, children may wet the bed. Sleep walking occurs during this stage with about 20% of 3-12 year olds having at least one episode of sleepwalking, usually lasting 2-10 minutes.
REM sleep
a kind of sleep that occurs at intervals during the night and is characterized by 'rapid eye movements,' more dreaming and bodily movement, and faster pulse and breathing. Occurs during stage 5 of sleep.
bedwetting
failure to control the bladder during the night. Occurs during stage 4 of sleep