Chapter 4 Adolescence: Families

Authoritative parenting promotes intellectual development and psychosocial maturity through all of the following, except:

asserting parental authority by turning adolescents' personal decisions into moral issues.

Don's teacher is concerned about him because he is passive and indifferent to new experiences, and shows little intellectual curiosity. He also shows signs of developing low self-esteem. Based on Baumrind's classification of parenting styles, the best guess is that Don's parents are:

authoritarian.

Jesse has just married a woman who has two adolescent daughters. These children will adjust best if Jesse establishes all of the following types of discipline, except:

controlling

According to research, _________ can be an effective way for enhancing the development of adolescents' reasoning abilities, moral judgment, and empathy.

family discussions in which decisions, rules, and expectations are explained

When siblings are treated differently by parents, research shows that they are likely to:

get along better because they feel unique.

According to Baumrind, children of indulgent parents tend to be:

less mature and more conforming to their peers.

Although conflict between adolescents and parents over mundane matters (e.g., curfews, clothing) is generally _____ frequent in ethnic minority than in White families, the topics of disagreement are _____ across ethnic groups.

less; similar

According to many well-designed studies that have looked at the psychological consequences of growing up with lesbian or gay parents:

children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents are not psychologically different from those with straight parents.

Why are children who have spent time in the foster care system more at risk for emotional and behavioral problems?

1. the foster care placement itself. 2. the instability in living arrangements. 3. the product of the abuse or neglect that necessitated their removal from their biological parents' home.

Which of the following statements is most true of minority families and parenting styles?

Because ethnic minorities are more likely to live in dangerous areas, parental control may actually be beneficial for these adolescents.

Cory is more responsible, more self-assured, more adaptive, more creative, and more intellectually curious than most of her peers. Jerry, on the other hand, is very dependent, more passive, less socially adept, less self-assured, and less intellectually curious than most of his peers. According to the textbook, what is the best way to explain this difference?

Cory most likely has authoritative parents and Jerry most likely has authoritarian parents.

According to the Family Systems Model, financial strain increases mothers' and fathers'______, which, in turn, make parents more irritable, which adversely affects the quality of their parenting.

Dissatisfaction with their marriages, feelings of depression, and conflicts over money

Why is parental divorce during early adolescence particularly stressful for the adolescent?

Early adolescence is a time during which individuals are particularly sensitive to stress.

Which of the following statements about parents of adolescents is not true?

Mothers' mental health declines when they enter the "empty nest stage."

Why is it difficult to determine the exact nature (and direction of the effect) of the relations between family characteristics and adolescent development?

Parents and adolescents reciprocally相互 influence each other.

Which of the following research findings best describes the phenomenon known as generational dissonance?

Recent studies of Mexican-American families have found that stress and conflict are higher in Latino families in which adolescents are relatively more acculturated than parents.

According to behavioral geneticists, siblings are actually quite different from each other. Which of the following has not been used to explain this difference?

Siblings go through the pubertal transition at different times.

Which of the following statements regarding divorce in America is true?

Social support from relatives has been found to buffer the effects of living in a single-parent household.

And what are some findings of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents?

Some of the differences in the effects of divorce on adolescents are a result of genetic differences among individual adolescents. It is the process of going through a divorce, not the change in family structure, that most affects the adolescent's mental health. The quality of an adolescent's relationship with important adults in the adolescent's life is more important than the number of parents in the home.

Which of the following is not a finding of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents?

The adverse consequences of divorce for adolescents are directly linked to living in a single-parent household.

Which of the following statements about stepfamilies is false?

Younger children have a harder time adjusting to stepfamilies than older adolescents.

Through which of the following behaviors does an adolescent help shape authoritative parenting?

by displaying psychosocial maturity, leading parents to encourage further development of maturity

Luis and Carla Hernandez are getting a divorce. It is likely that the family will go through a period of _________ before it can adjust to this challenge.

disequilibrium

Ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that:

even though authoritative parenting is less commonly used by ethnic minority families, its effects on adolescent development are beneficial in all ethnic groups.

The belief that being on welfare has a negative impact on adolescents:

is incorrect because there are few differences in the behavior, values, and family relationships between adolescents whose families are or are not on welfare.

One reason that the adolescent years may constitute a difficult period of adjustment is that parents:

may also be experiencing identity crises of their own.

According to the textbook, during adolescence, which are more influential, nonshared or shared environmental influences?

nonshared

Felicia is very warm and accepting to both of her two children, but she also sets firm rules that the children must follow with very few exceptions. According to Baumrind, the characteristics that best describe her are:

responsive and demanding

One potential reason that Mallory and Mikey, a brother and sister growing up in the same family, have completely different personalities may be that:

they have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences.