Chapter 4: Attention

The difficulty we have in recognizing even an obvious alteration in a scene is called __________ blindness. a. Covert b. Endogenous c. Change d. Exogenous

c. Change

Which of the following is the process by which features such as color, form motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object? a. Binding b. Illusory conjunctions c. Change detection d. Change blindness

a. Binding

Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listened to two different messages, one presented to each ear, found that people a. Could focus on one message and ignore the other one at the same time b. Could focus on a message only if they rehearsed it c. Could not focus on a message presented to only one ear d. Could focus on a message only if they are repeating it

a. Could focus on one message and ignore the other one at the same time

A bottom-up process is involved in fixating on an area of a scene that a. Has high stimulus salience b. Carries meaning for the observer c. Fits with the observer's interests d. Is familiar

a. Has high stimulus salience

Which of the following illustrates how we can miss things even if they are clearly visible? a. Inattentional blindness b. Illusory conjunctions c. Change blindness d. Binding

a. Inattentional blindness

Suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list, while your roommate is watching TV in the next room. A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV. Although you are not paying attention to the TV, you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list. Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention? a. Late selection b. Spotlight c. Object-based d. Early selection

a. Late selection

According to Treisman's attenuation model, which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people? a. The word "platypus" b. The word "money" c. Their child's first name d. The word "home"

a. The word "platypus"

The Stroop effect demonstrates people's inability to ignore the __________ of words. a. Size b. Meaning c. Font d. Color

b. Meaning

In Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames," divided attention was easier a. When processing was done verbally b. Once processing had become automatic c. When processing was more controlled d. When verbal processing was prohibited by the experimenters

b. Once processing had become automatic

Strayer and Johnston's (2001) experiment involving simulated driving and the use of "hands-free" versus "handheld" cell phones found that a. Driving performance was impaired less with the hands-free phones than with the handheld phones b. Talking on either kind of phone impairs driving performance significantly and to the same extent c. Driving performance was impaired only with the handheld cell phones d. Divided attention (driving and talking on the phone) did not affect performance

b. Talking on either kind of phone impairs driving performance significantly and to the same extent

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when a. The color and the name matched b. The color and the name differed c. The shape and the name differed d. The shape and the name matched

b. The color and the name differed

Illusory conjunctions are a. Features that are consistent across different stimuli b. Misidentified objects using the context of the scene c. Combinations of features from different stimuli d. Combinations of features from the masking field and the stimuli

c. Combinations of features from different stimuli

If you are folding towels while watching television, you may find that you don't have to pay much attention to the act of folding while keeping up with the storyline on the TV show. Folding the towels would be an example of a(n) ________ task. a. High-load b. Filtered c. Low-load d. Attenuated

c. Low-load

The notion that faster responding occurs when enhancement spreads within an object is called a. Divided attention b. High-load detraction c. Same-object advantage d. Location-based potentiation

c. Same-object advantage

Broadbent's model is called the early selection model because a. Sensory memory holds all of the information for fraction of second and then transfers all of it to filter b. The attended information has been let through the filter, the detector processes all information that enters it c. The filter eliminates unattended information before the recognition process begins d. The output is sent to short-term memory, which holds the information for 10-15 seconds and also transfer the information to long-term memory

c. The filter eliminates unattended information before the recognition process begins