Chapter 4 Connect

Understanding how cultural differences across and within nations affect the way business is practiced is known as ______ literacy.

cross-cultural

Energy Resources Ltd. does business in 50 countries around the world. The company stresses to all employees the importance of understanding the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. In other words, the company is aware of the importance of

cross-cultural literacy.

Western society values _______ over ______.

individuals; groups

There _____ a strict one-to-one relationship between one culture and a nation-state.

is not

Alex considers himself a "true French Canadian" and agrees with political activists who think there should be a separation from English speaking citizens who are dominating certain provinces. What seems to be the cause of this division in Canada?

language

What are the four principles of social stratification?

1. A trait of society, not a reflection of individual differences 2. Carries over a generation to the next 3. Generally universal but variable 4. Involves not just inequality but also beliefs

The majority of Christians live in Europe and the Americas. However, Christianity is rapidly growing in ______.

Africa

The religion where followers try to achieve nirvana or spiritual enlightenment is _____.

Buddhism

What ethical system was the official ethical system of China until the communist revolution and emphasizes taking the right actions to attain salvation?

Confucianism

______ is judging another's culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

The religion where followers believe in reincarnation and karma is

Hinduism.

How has social media affected group life?

It has emphasized the idea of an extended social group.

Adherents of Islam are called

Muslims.

______ join the political entity of a state to the cultural entity of a nation.

Nation-states

______ is/are something that one believes in that is concerned with the sacred and follows with some measure of devotion.

Religion

True or False: While religion can influence the values and norms of society, the values and norms of society can also impact religion.

True

True or false: Economic advancement and globalization may be important factors in societal change.

True

True or false: Education provides a competitive economic advantage through the creation of a pool of skilled and educated workers.

True

______ is the Hofstede dimension that measures a society's tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty.

Uncertainty avoidance

According to the tenets of Islam, the objective of life is to fulfill the dictates of God in hopes of achieving

admission to paradise.

As countries get richer, we often see a shift ______ traditional values (such as staying married and obeying one's parents) and ______ secular rational values (including abortion and divorce).

away from; toward

A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living is called

culture

Hofstede studied how ______ relates to values in the workplace.

culture

The system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and when considered as a whole represent a design for living is called

culture

Hindus believe in ______, the behaviors and responsibilities governing individual conduct.

dharma

Geoff believes that the way his US-based company does business is superior to the way his French affiliate office conducts business. Geoff's attitude is an example of _____.

ethnocentrism

Monica asked her manager if appropriate dress for the meeting was business casual or traditional business. Monica is inquiring about the ______ associated with the meeting.

folkway

The routine conventions of living, thinking and acting in a group are called ______.

folkways

According to Hofstede, societies with stiff codes of behavior, rules, and laws score___ on the uncertainty avoidance index.

high

The Hofstede dimension that is focused on the degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups is

individualism versus collectivism.

According to Hofstede, if the ties between people are loose, it is most likely a sign of a(n) ______ society.

individualistic

Kate's grandmother was born in Belgium and she says she is Flemish. Anne's grandmother was also born in Belgium and she says she is French. In some areas of Belgium, all signs are in French and are not possible to read unless you know the French language. The same is true for other areas with all signs in Flemish. What is creating the divide between these two cultures?

language

Confucianism values harmonious relationships, which are based on moral and ethical conduct and ______.

loyalty to others

Social _____ refers to how difficult or easy it is for an individual to move out of the social strata into which they are born.

mobility

Islam is a ______ religion, believing in one true God.

monotheistic

What is the focus of Hofstede's power distance dimension?

people are not equal in physical capabilities

In the ______ dimension identified by Hofstede, the degree of power and wealth is not balanced within a country.

power distance

The set of shared beliefs followed by Catholics and those of the Jewish faith represent their individual _____.

religions

Nigel was born into a poor, working-class family in England. He is resigned to the fact that his life will be much like his fathers as he has no way to earn a degree and change his status. Nigel believes that a lack of _____ determines his fate.

social mobility

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called social _____.

strata

The basic social organization of a society is called its social _____.

structure

The two major Christian organizations are

-Orthodox Church -Roman Catholic

What are the determinants of culture?

-Religion -Social Structure -Language -Education -Economic Philosophy -Political Philosophy

What are the "hidden curriculum" taught in schools?

-Respect for others -Obedience to authority -Honesty -Neatness -Being on time

What are the four dimensions originally identified by Hofstede?

-Uncertainty avoidance -Masculinity vs femininity -Individualism vs collectivism -Power distance

Buddhism has all the same basic beliefs as Hinduism except for which two of the following?

-support for the caste system. -advocacy in extreme ascetic behavior.

Stephen usually eats lunch with three of his co-workers and on the weekends he gets together with his college friends. The people Stephen interacts with represent two types of _____.

groups