Chapter 4 Developmental Psychology
All effective weight-loss programs include
exercise
Researchers have found that ______ improves longevity in older adults.
exercise
As compared to unsuccessful dieters, successful dieters do which of the following?
exercise 30 minutes a day perform daily weigh-ins plan meals
Those with bulimia nervosa typically
fall within a normal weight range.
Brienne is a well-educated 15-year-old overachiever. She is obsessed with celebrity magazines and recently has started to worry about her weight. This best exemplifies the role of the ______ in the development of anorexia nervosa.
fashion industry
The ______ of family dinners can influence an adolescent's likelihood of having substance abuse problems.
frequency
Which of the following are the most common characteristics of those with anorexia nervosa
from well-educated, middle- or upper-income family adolescent or young adult female non-Latino White competitive and high-achieving
Older adults that engage in moderate alcohol use:
generally have better mental and physical health than both heavy drinkers and nondrinkers.
Which of the following is NOT an outcome of being overweight in childhood?
greater self-esteem
Which of the following is/are the most common of the chronic conditions associated with the greatest limitation on work?
heart conditions
Which of the following are positive outcomes of exercise?
helps maintain weight lowers the incidence of diabetes lowers blood pressure
The United States has one of the ____________ rates of adolescent drug use of any industrialized nation.
highest
Prevention and ____________ are two of the most important components of children's health.
poverty
Deaths of young children due to HIV/AIDS occur especially in countries with high levels of ______ and low levels of ______.
poverty; education
Seth is a junior in college. Seth and his friends are drinking before they go the biggest rivalry football game of the season. Drinking before going to an event like this is called ________ which some refer to as "tailgating."
pre-gaming
When college students drink alcohol before going out, it is called
pregamming
Unlike bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder is NOT characterized by
purging behavior.
Which of the following is NOT commonly believed to be an environmental factor that has had an impact on the dramatic increase in obesity over the last century?
lack of knowledge about the importance of nutrition and exercise
Children need daily exercise because of the development of:
large muscles, especially in the arms and legs.
Chronic disorders are most common in:
late adulthood.
As individuals progress through adolescence they tend to become:
less active
Laboratory rats on calorie-restricted diets have
longer life spans.
What illicit drug is most widely used in the United States?
marijuana
Which of the following are factors involved in the development of anorexia nervosa?
media culture genes physical effects of dieting
Which statements are true regarding the benefits of exercise?
Exercise helps prevent heart disease. Exercise can improve mental health. The risk of obesity may be reduced with exercise.
True or false: Mild cognitive impairment is the precursor for Alzheimer disease in all cases.
False
True or false: Overweight children show the same medical problems as overweight adults, EXCEPT that they are unlikely to experience hypertension.
False
True or false: Research has proven that breast feeding causes better outcomes for children than bottle feeding.
False
Which of the following statements are true about caring for people with Alzheimer disease?
Family can become emotionally and physically drained from providing care to an Alzheimer patient. Caregivers of Alzheimer patients need a break from providing chronic care.
Which of the following have studies shown to protect against the development of overweight and obesity in adolescents?
Family dinners Team sports
Alzheimer disease is caused by a deficiency in the brain messenger chemical called acetylcholine, which is very important in
memory
Among American adults in 2016, which of the following had the highest rate of obesity?
middle-aged women
One risk factor for Alzheimer disease is ______, a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early Alzheimer disease and other dementias.
mild cognitive impairment
______ control their eating by restricting it, but most ______ cannot do so.
Anorexics; bulimics
What does research suggest about the effects of antioxidants?
Antioxidant supplements do not increase longevity and may even increase the incidence of disease.
The allele that has proven to be a risk factor for Alzheimer disease is the ______ gene.
ApoE4
Which of the following statements is FALSE about smoking?
Contrary to other segments of the population, smoking has increased among emerging adults.
Which of the following factors triggers Parkinson disease?
Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain
Parents may protect their children's health by doing which of the following?
Driving at safe speeds Not drinking when driving Not smoking around them
Which statement is FALSE regarding drug treatment for Alzheimer disease?
Drugs for Alzheimer disease treat the cause of the disease.
Research revealed which of the following regarding early substance use?
Early onset of drinking was linked to increased risk of heavy drinking in middle age.
Which of the following groups has the highest mortality rate?
Males in emerging adulthood
Lori is a mother of a newborn. She plans to breast feed her baby but she has just been diagnosed with active tuberculosis. What recommendation would the pediatrician have for Lori regarding breast feeding?
She should not breast feed because of the tuberculosis.
Which of the following statements is true about adolescent alcohol use?
Sizable declines in adolescent alcohol use have occurred in recent years.
Regarding the treatment of Parkinson disease, which of the following statements are true?
Stem cell transplantation shows a lot of promise as a treatment for Parkinson disease. Stimulating the brain appears to help some individuals with Parkinson disease.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has called substance abuse in older adult populations an "invisible epidemic" and expressed which of the following concerns?
Substance abuse is often undetected in older adults. The abuse could involve prescription drugs.
Which of the following is NOT one of the main characteristics of anorexia nervosa?
a pattern of binge-and-purge eating
Each of the following are linked with anorexia nervosa EXCEPT
a sense of lack of control during eating.
Which of the following is the leading cause of death in children?
accidents
Several drugs that have been approved by the FDA to treat Alzheimer disease work to improve memory and other cognitive functions by increasing levels of ______ in the brain.
acetylcholine
The primary cause of Alzheimer disease is a deficiency in the brain messenger chemical called
acetylcholine
Many of the factors linked to poor health habits and early death begin during:
adolsescence
Activities such as swimming and cycling are examples of ______ exercise.
aerobic
High levels of stress lead to increased:
allostatic load
Zack experiences inflammation of his joints as well as pain, stiffness, and problems moving his legs. Zack is showing signs of having
arthritis.
Since the mid-1990s, how have most adolescents perceived smoking?
as dangerous with disapproval
A child whose BMI is at the 85th percentile would be
at risk of becoming overweight.
A comparison of adolescents in 28 countries found that U.S. adolescents ______ than adolescents in most other countries.
ate more junk food
Having five or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks is referred to as ______________ drinking
binge
Individuals with ______ engage in recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food during which they feel a lack of control over eating.
binge eating disorder
The leading cause of death in middle-aged adults and adults between the ages of 65 and 74 is
cancer
Breast-fed children are less likely to develop all of the following EXCEPT:
cardiovascular disease.
In a study of elderly adults with cognitive impairment, they were less depressed and had better cognitive functioning if they were:
cared for at home
People who begin abusing substances in ______ have a greater risk for addiction.
childhood and adolescence
What type of therapy has proven successful in people with binge eating disorder?
cognitive behavior therapy
Which of the following have been effective in the treatment of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa?
cognitive behavior therapy drug therapy psychotherapy
To date, research findings relating to the benefits of breast feeding over bottle feeding are:
correlational.
Binge drinking (having five or more drinks in a row) by high school seniors ______ from 1980 to 2016.
decreased
Researchers have found that aerobic exercise benefits which of the following in children and adolescents?
decreased obesity lowered blood pressure increased bone strength
Research has shown that, by the time emerging adults have reached their mid-twenties, many have
decreased their use of alcohol and drugs somewhat.
Neurological disorders in which the primary symptoms involve deterioration of mental functioning are classed under the global term
dementia
Which of the following is the main treatment for Parkinson disease?
dopamine agonists and L-dopa
Between 2006 and 2014, the number of 65- to 74-year-olds who reported engaging in regular exercise:
doubled
A recent study found that all of the following were associated with a decrease in deaths from cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT
eliminating alcohol consumption
Which of the following chronic conditions is LEAST likely to limit the everyday activities or work of adults over the age of 65?
epilepsy
In a classic study of nursing home care, which of the following was a critical factor in the health, and even survival, of nursing home residents?
resident feelings of control and self-determination
Accelerated muscle loss in old age can be most helped by ______ exercise.
resistance
Which of the following types of exercise do gerontologists recommend for older adults?
resistance training stretching aerobic activity
A substance in red wine, ______, has been hypothesized to play a key role in red wine's health benefits by killing several lines of cancer cells.
resveratrol
chronic disorders have a _______ onset and a ________ duration
slow, long
Children are more likely to exhibit symptoms of wheezing and asthma when living with parents who:
smoke
Which of the following has been called the "invisible epidemic" among older adults?
substance abuse
The development of Alzheimer disease is most likely influenced by
the interaction of lifestyle and genes.
A healthy 1-year-old weighs ______ times more than they did at birth.
three
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for adults over the age of 75.
true
True or false: Adolescents currently vape far more nicotine than they smoke cigarettes.
true
True or false: Aerobic exercise was linked to improved cognitive functioning in overweight children between 8 and 11 years of age.
true
True or false: Alcohol use peaks in emerging adulthood and then declines somewhat by the mid-twenties.
true
True or false: Exercise in adolescence is linked to positive outcomes in academic, cognitive, and socioemotional development.
true
True or false: Exercise is important in terms of prevention of some chronic diseases and is also used as part of the treatment for some diseases.
true
True or false: Health experts recommend that adults engage in 45 minutes or more of moderate physical activity on most days of the week.
true
Research by Rodin and Langer (1977) revealed that nursing home residents were happier, more active, healthier, and more likely to live longer if they:
were encouraged to make more day-to-day choices.
About 90 percent of the cases of bulimia nervosa are
women
Which of the following has been linked to health-enhancing behavior and reduced risk taking in adolescence?
Parental monitoring
Research shows that parents who want to lessen their children's likelihood of indulging in problem behaviors and substance abuse should use which of the following strategies?
Parental monitoring and control
Which of the following are symptoms of Parkinson disease?
Partial facial paralysis Slowing of movements Muscle tremors
According to one study, which of the following factors in an adolescent's life was the strongest predictor of lower risk for being overweight and obese?
Participation in team sports
The most common forms of accidents that happen in infancy include which of the following?
Poisoning Falls Vehicle accidents
Which of the following are considered treatments for childhood obesity?
Providing nutrient-dense food Attending intervention programs Getting parents to engage in healthy habits
Which of the following statements are FALSE regarding the living arrangements and health care of the elderly?
Recently, home health care workers are having difficulty finding work due to the success of elder-care centers and preventive medicine clinics. Due to the high cost of alternative care, there has been little change in the percentage of older adults living in nursing homes.
Which of the following statements about the connection between calorie restriction and longevity is accurate?
Research findings on the topic are mixed; further research is needed.
______ care involves services that provide a temporary relief for those who are caring for individuals with disabilities and illnesses.
Respite
Which of the following are social contexts that influence adolescent health?
Schools Peers Families
Even if an infant has begun eating other foods, experts recommend that the mother continue to breast feed until the baby is at least ______ old.
1 year
It is projected that ______ million baby boomers will develop Alzheimer disease in their lifetime.
10
Approximately how many U.S. preschoolers experience malnutrition that puts their health at risk?
11 million
What percentage of college students reported that they abstain from drinking alcohol?
20 percent
According to one research analysis, energy expended by older adults that burns up at least 1,000 calories a week was estimated to increase life expectancy by ______ percent.
30
For individuals who are 30 percent overweight, the probability of dying in middle adulthood increases by ______ percent.
40
In 2016, approximately what percentage of U.S. adults were classified as obese?
40 percent
Match the number in the 5-2-1-0 obesity prevention program to the correct description.
5 matches Choice, or more servings of fruits and vegetables or more servings of fruits and vegetables 2 hours or less of screen time hours or less of screen time 1 hour minimum of exercise hour minimum of exercise 0 sugar-sweetened beverages daily sugar-sweetened beverages daily
What is the recommended number of calories per day for each pound an infant weighs?
50
What percentage of U.S. children has no usual source of health care?
7 percent
Females make up about ______ of the cases of osteoporosis in the United States today.
80
Children are put in the overweight category if their body mass index falls at or above the ______ percentile.
95th
Regarding lifestyle factors and the risk of Alzheimer disease, which of the following statements are true?
A healthy lifestyle can lower the risk of Alzheimer disease. Many of the same habits that lead to cardiovascular disease increase risk for Alzheimer disease.
According to the DSM-V, bulimia nervosa is characterized by which two of the following?
A lack of control over eating during an episode Eating in a specific amount of time an amount of food larger than what most would eat in similar period in similar circumstances
Which of the following outcomes for the mother has consistently been shown to be a benefit as a result of breast feeding?
A reduced incidence of breast cancer
Which of the following are risk factors for becoming a regular smoker?
A weak academic orientation Having a friend who smokes Low parental support
Recent research studies have revealed which of the following benefits regarding moderate drinking in late adulthood?
Ability to assert mastery over life Involvement in social activities Improved physical and mental performance
Which of the following is true regarding to health behaviors in adolescence?
Adolescence is a critical juncture for adopting healthy behaviors.
The most common form of dementia is ______ disease, a progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical functioning.
Alzheimer
What aspect of successful weight loss programs requires participants to keep weight loss diaries and give them rewards for meeting goals?
Behavioral therapy
___________ drinking (having five or more drinks in a row) by high school seniors decreased from 1980 to 2016.
Binge
Obesity is linked to an increased risk of which of the following?
Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Hypertension
Which of the following statements most closely fits with the trends associated with adolescent cigarette smoking in the United States?
Cigarette smoking peaked in 1996 and then gradually declined.
What has an international study of adolescents in 56 countries revealed about their fast food consumption?
Fast food consumption is high among children and continues to increase as they reach adolescence.
Which of the following are outcomes of breast feeding for children?
Fewer gastrointestinal infections Less chance of becoming overweight or obese Reduced risk for type 1 diabetes in childhood
How long should an infant consume only breast milk or formula (i.e. no other food) for nutrients and energy?
For the first four to six months of life
Which of the following have been implicated in the development of binge eating disorder?
Genetics Impulse control Family functioning Dopamine production
Which of the following are characteristics of Alzheimer disease?
Gradual deterioration of memory Eventual loss of physical function Gradual deterioration of language
Which of the following has been identified as an important factor in reducing stress and delaying the onset of disease?
Having a sense of control
According to UNICEF's annual report, which of the following are some of the factors impacting the under-5 mortality rate?
Health knowledge of mothers Dehydration Food availability in the family
Which of the following are reasons why a mother should NOT breast feed?
If the mother is infected with HIV or another infectious disease If the mother is taking a drug that may not be safe for the infant If the mother has active tuberculosis
Aerobic exercise in children has been linked to which of the following?
Improved creativity Improved attention Goal-directed behaviors
Symptoms of dementia include which of the following?
Inability to recognize familiar people Inability to care for oneself Inability to recognize familiar surroundings
Why do emerging adults have higher levels of health problems than adolescents?
Increased academic/financial pressures Increased independence Decreased parental monitoring
Which of the following are true about a large majority of emerging adults' perceptions about drinking?
It is largely acceptable and seen as common. It is perceived as giving some social and coping benefits.
Which of the following is true of malnutrition?
It threatens millions during the childhood years.
Which of the following are helpful in the treatment of arthritis symptoms?
Joint replacement Aspirin Weight reduction Exercise
Which of the following environmental factors can influence whether or not children become overweight?
Labor-saving devices Decreases in physical activity Easy access to high-fat food
Which of the following are considered health-enhancing behaviors?
Nutritious diet Exercise Wearing seat belts
According to research, which of the following are risk factors for using e-cigarettes in emerging adulthood?
Marijuana use Alcohol use
Which statement is true regarding chronic disorders?
Men are more likely than women to have fatal chronic disorders such as cancer and coronary heart disease.
Which of the following are true about the vapor from e-cigarettes?
Most e-cigarette vapor contains nicotine. The contents of the vapor are not regulated.
Which of the following best describe the research regarding the link between vitamins and longevity?
No link has been found between antioxidant vitamin intake and mortality.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding older adults and exercise?
The rate of exercise increases among people as they age.
What is the likely outcome for children who rank above the 95th percentile on the body mass index?
They are more likely to become overweight or obese adults.
In comparing the health of emerging adults with the health of adolescents, which of the following statements are true regarding emerging adults?
They have more chronic health problems. They have a higher rates of mental disorders. They are more likely to be obese.
In a large longitudinal research study of 10,000 men and women followed over 8 years, participants were divided into low, medium, and high fitness levels. What did the study find?
Those in the low fitness (sedentary) group were more than three times more likely to die than those in the high fitness group. Those in the low fitness (sedentary) group were more than two times more likely to die than those in the medium fitness group.
True or false: The United States has the highest adult obesity rate in the world.
True
Which of the following are consequences/risks of obesity in children?
Type 2 diabetes Risk for hip problems Developing sleep apnea
Helping an adolescent avoid which of the following health-compromising behaviors may help improve their personal health?
Violence Drug abuse Unprotected sex
The acronym ______ refers to the program in the United States that provides federal grants to states for healthy supplemental foods for women from low-income families
WIC
Which of the following commonly held beliefs regarding the benefits of breast feeding for the mother was NOT verified in a recent large-scale research review?
Women who breast feed have an easier time returning to their prepregnancy weight.
Successful weight loss programs for adolescents combine each of the following EXCEPT:
hypnosis
One of the best strategies for preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease in people who are at risk is to
improve their cardiac functioning through diet, drugs, and exercise.
Many cardiovascular problems in middle age can be reduced by which of the following?
improved diets increased exercise decreased rates of smoking
Starting in middle adulthood, chronic disorders:
increase
The percentage of U.S. children who are overweight has ______ in recent decades.
increased dramatically
Physical and psychological gains are more likely to be produced by exercise that is:
moderate and intense
As compared to adolescent girls, adolescent boys are:
more likely to engage in moderate-to-vigorous exercise.
Which of the following are typical unhealthy practices prevalent in emerging adulthood?
not eating breakfast sleeping only a few hours a night failing to exercise
Which of the following is a disorder that involves an extensive loss of bone tissue?
osteoporosis
People with binge eating disorder are frequently
overweight
Which of the following tends to be a common personality trait among anorexics?
perfectionism