Chapter 4 EES 110 Latin America

supranational organization

Governing bodies that include several states, such as trade organizations, and often involve a loss of some state powers to achieve organizational goals.

Which of the following is true about the Latin America region? Latin America's regional unity stems largely from its shared language. Latin America is a racially homogenous region. The forces of globalization are quite new to Latin America. Latin American countries are industrializing and diversifying. The region is exclusively focused on industrial manufacturing and urban activity centers.

Latin American countries are industrializing and diversifying.

Which of the following explains why the majority of Latin Americans speak Spanish rather than Portuguese? Treaty of Tordesillas Organization of American States (OAS) Treaty of Hidalgo Monroe Doctrine Viceroyalty of Peru

Treaty of Tordesillas

neotropics

Tropical ecosystems of the Americas that evolved in relative isolation and support diverse and unique flora and fauna.

The entrenched practice of maintaining large estates is called _________, whereas the practice of farming small plots for subsistence is _________. latifundia/encomienda ejidos/agrarian reform latifundia/minifundia minifundia/encomienda minifundia/ejidos

latifundia/minifundia

Maquiladoras

Assembly plants on the Mexican border built by foreign capital. Most of their products are exported to the United States.

15. In terms of economic development, which of the following countries is among the poorest? A. Argentina B. Bolivia C. Costa Rica D. Mexico E. Uruguay

B

6. The most populous country in Latin America is: A. Argentina B. Brazil (204.5 million) C. Chile D. Mexico (#2; 127.0 million) E. Venezuela

B

7. The most densely populated country in Latin America is: A. Colombia B. El Salvador (306 per km2) C. Guatemala D. Panama E. Venezuela

B

12. Which country had three decades of conflict with two different insurgent groups, FARC and ELN, that controlled territory and parts of the drug trade? A. Bolivia B. Chile C. Colombia D. Mexico E. Venezuela

C

16. Which of the following statements about social development in Latin America is correct? A. Interracial marriage in Brazil is uncommon. B. Compared to Europe and North America, very few Latina women work outside the home. C. Mortality rates for children under age 5 have steadily declined from 1990 to 2010. D. In Mexico, income inequality has improved dramatically with the implementation of NAFTA. E. Today, women in rural areas have smaller families and equal access to education.

C

4. Why are Tierra Templada and Tierra Fría so important as altitude zones? A. The majority of the sea ports are located there. B. The majority of the biodiversity is located there. C. The majority of the people are located there. D. The majority of the environmental problems are located there. E. The majority of the continental shelf is located there.

C

9. Large estates owned by absentee landlords are known as: A. agricultural frontiers B. ejidos C. latifundia D. minifundia E. remittances

C

Altiplano

The largest intermontane plateau in the Andes, which straddles Peru and Bolivia and ranges in elevation from 10,000 to 13,000 feet (3,000 to 4,000 meters).

With the environmental lapse rate, temperatures decline _________ feet rise in elevation. 2.5ºF for every 1000 3.5ºF every 1000 5ºF for every 1000 3.5ºF every 10,000 7ºF for every 10,000

3.5ºF every 1000 3.5ºF every 10,000

17. Based on the map, which of the following countries has the least amount of linguistic diversity? A. Argentina B. Bolivia C. Ecuador D. Mexico E. Peru

A

informal sector

A much-debated concept that presupposes a dual economic system consisting of formal and informal sectors. The informal sector includes self-employed, low-wage jobs that are usually unregulated and untaxed. Street vending, shoe shining, artisan manufacturi

urban primacy

A state in which a disproportionately large city (for example, London, New York or Bangkok) dominates the urban system and is the center of economic, political, and cultural life.

Which of the following trends has been apparent in Latin America since the 1980s? Latin American states have opened their markets to international trade. Latin American states have broadened public participation in the political process. Dictators and military takeovers have been replaced by democratically elected governments. All of the above are true. None of the above is true.

All of the above are true

El Nino

An abnormally large warm current that appears off the coast of Ecuador and Peru in December. During an El Ni�o year, torrential rains can bring devastating floods along the Pacific coast and drought conditions in the interior continents of the Americas.

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

An agreement between Portugal and Spain which declared that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.

Squatter Settlement

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

Which of the following is known as the "green city" of Brazil, where city planners worked to minimize pollution and create good public transportation networks, open spaces, and recycling projects? Cubatão Curitiba Manaus São Paulo Rio de Janeiro

Curitiba

1. As Latin America is defined as a world region in Chapter 4, which two features define its latitudinal extent? A. Yukon to the Andes B. Yukon to the Rio Grande C. Rio Grande to the Andes D. Rio Grande to Tierra del Fuego E. Andes to Tierra del Fuego

D

11. What is the name of the famous 1494 treaty that divided the world and set the stage for Portuguese Brazil? A. Andes B. Rio de la Plata C. Papal dictate D. Tordesillas E. Gran Colombia

D

13. In Brazil, which ethnic group is associated with the expansion of soybean and orange production? A. Germans B. Indians C. Italians D. Japanese E. Spanish

D

19. Why does Panama receive the most FDI as a percentage of GNI?A. transshipment point for drugs B. offshore banking regulations C. headquarters of Pan American banks D. businesses associated with the Canal E. links to high remittances

D

20. Which Latin American country has had a special relationship with the United States because of NAFTA? A. Argentina B. Brazil C. Colombia D. Mexico E. Panama

D

21. Which country in the world, which happens to be in Latin America, is the recipient of the most remittances from foreign laborers? A. Argentina B. Brazil C. Colombia D. Mexico E. Panama

D

5. Of the six major climate types, which is not found in Latin America?A. tropical and humid (A) climates B. dry (B) climates C. mild midlatitude(C) climates D. continental midlatitude(D) climates E. polar (E) climates

D

8. Primate cities are considered problematic because: A. they tend to be located in poor sites B. larger cities tend to draw investment and draw people away from the primate city C. they have poor transportation networks D. too many national resources are concentrated in that one urban center E. jobs are limited to only one economic sector

D

dependency theory

Dependent economies are export-oriented and vulnerable to fluctuations in the global market

10. What is the name/acronym for the red outlined area? A. NAFTA B. CAFTA C. Mercosur D. Andean Community E. UNASUR

E

14. At the time of European arrival, the indigenous population was estimated to be 54 million people; 100 years later, the indigenous population had been reduced by: A. 10 percent B. 30 percent C. 50 percent D. 70 percent E. 90 percent

E

neoliberalism

Economic policies widely adopted in the 1990s that stress privatization, export production, and few restrictions on imports.

Trade blocs, such as LAFTA and CACM, are examples of supranational organizations. Which of the following offers an example of subnational organizations? Mercosur the Andean Group NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) Southern Cone

FARC

Which of the following were not historical migrants into the Latin America region? Europeans Asians Africans Mestizo North Americans

Mestizo

Latin America is an oil-rich region. Which Latin American country is the ninth largest producer of oil in the world? Venezuela Peru Ecuador Mexico Brazil

Mexico

Mexico City is the capital of Mexico and is its primary city. Which of the following statements about Mexico City is correct? Mexico City is the largest city in Mexico, but not its captial. Most of Mexico City's water is taken from nearby rivers. Mexico City is situated on top of a mountain. One of the causes of air pollution in Mexico City is its rapid growth. Mexico City is actively limiting the number of new residents to 100,000 annually.

Mexico City is actively limiting the number of new residents to 100,000 annually.

remittances

Monies sent by immigrants working abroad to family members and communities in their countries of origin. For many countries in the developing world, remittances often amount to billions of dollars each year. For small countries, remittances can equal 5 to

Which of the following countries presently has one of the largest indigenous populations in the Latin America region? Uruguay Brazil Argentina Peru Chile

Peru

altitudinal zonation

The relationship between elevation, temperature, and changes in vegetation that result from the environmental lapse rate (average 3.5°F for every 1,000 feet [6.5°C for every 1,000 meters]). In Latin America, four general altitudinal zones exist: tierra ca

Concerning Latin American women, which of the following statements is correct? Divorce in Latin America is illegal due to its Catholic heritage. In most Latin American nations, abortion is legal. Women in Latin America are having smaller families than in past generations. Men outnumber women in Latin American universities. Family planning is discouraged in Latin America.

Women in Latin America are having smaller families than in past generations.

megacity

a great city that is made up of several large and small cities

Which of the following was the primary cause of the demographic collapse of native populations after 1500? disease enslaved people from Africa drought natural disasters migrants arriving from North America

disease

What are the factors leading to the potential for continued high population growth in Latin America? immigrants into Latin America continued high fertility rates throughout Latin America the relatively large size of the population group below the age of 15 continued high fertility rates throughout Latin America and the relatively large size of the population group below the age of 15 immigrants into Latin America and the relatively large size of the population group below the age of 15

immigrants into Latin America and the relatively large size of the population group below the age of 15

syncretic religion

separate religions that combine into a new religion; often borrow from the past and the present.

Where do the poorest residents of Latin American cities generally live? squatter settlements inside periférico disamenity zones inner city old colonial core

squatter settlements

What does the practice of building small cave shrines to Catholic saints in Mexico represent? traditional religious ceremonies African-based religious practices syncretic religious practices fundamentalist Christian practices Animist religious practices

syncretic religious practices

Which of the following physical features is found in Western South America, extending from northwestern Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego? the Andes Mountains large upland plateaus the Amazon River the Patagonian Shield the Plata Basin

the Andes Mountains

In descriptions of the urban form of Latin America, what does the term elite spine refer to? the strip of newer businesses extending from the colonial core to the newest parts of a city the fact that most of the population of Latin America lives in cities the houses built on a ridge of the city, placing them higher than the others a strip of upper- and upper-middle-class residences between the central markets and the industrial sites a stretch of the best land within the city that has been reserved for parkland

the strip of newer businesses extending from the colonial core to the newest parts of a city

What are neotropics? the newest species of tropical plants on Earth the tropical ecosystems of the Western Hemisphere the only ecosystem found in Latin America the result of earthquakes and volcanic activity the reason the Humboldt Trench exists off the coast of Peru and Chile

the tropical ecosystems of the Western Hemisphere

Why is this region called Latin America? because the people who discovered the area originally spoke Latin because the region is predominantly Catholic to distinguish the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking republics of the Americas from the English-speaking ones because the early mapmakers spoke Latin, and the name has remained since because the popular style of dancing in the region is called "Latin dancing"

to distinguish the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking republics of the Americas from the English-speaking ones