Chapter 4~ Energy_Bio

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans, use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which _______________ converts to ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things. a) cellular respiration b) glycolysis c) phosphorylation d) photorespiration e) condensation

a) cellular respiration

A student builds a model of an ATP molecule out of some scraps she finds at home. She uses a block of wood for the bulk of the molecule which she labels ADP. She attaches the block to a spring and then compresses the spring between the block and a smaller round paper weight. What does the coiled spring represent in an actual molecule of ATP? a) the covalent bond between the last phosphate and the middle phosphate b) the adenine part c) the covalent bond between the ribose and the first phosphate d) the very last phosphate group e) the ribose sugar

a) the covalent bond between the last phosphate and the middle phosphate

File this one under "confusing plant terminology." Both a plant's stoma and its stroma are important in photosynthesis. What's the difference between stoma and stroma? a) Stoma is the singular of stomata, the fluid that fills the inner space of a chloroplast, while stroma are the gas exchange pores in the leaf of the plant. b) Stoma is the singular of stomata, the gas exchange pores in the leaf of the plant, while stroma is the fluid that fills the inner space of a chloroplast. c) Stoma is the singular of stomach, the site of digestion in a plant, while stroma is the disk-like membranous sac in which the light-reactions of photosynthesis take place. d) Stoma refers to the non-sexual cells of a plant, while stroma is the fluid that fills the inner space of a chloroplast. e) Stoma is the fluid that fills the inner space of a chloroplast, while stroma is a stack of disk-like thylakoids

b) Stoma is the singular of stomata, the gas exchange pores in the leaf of the plant, while stroma is the fluid that fills the inner space of a chloroplast.

The graphs above show data relating to seasonal differences in the amount of pigment molecules present in leaves and how this is related to leaves changing colors. Which of the following is true about the graph above? a) The x-axis lists the % of the leaves containing each type of pigment molecule. b) The y-axis indicates how much of the pigment molecule is present in the leaves. c) The x-axis shows the type of pigment molecule present in leaves. d) The y -axis shows how the types of pigments differ across different leaves. e) The y-axis indicates the percentage of each pigment used for photosynthesis.

b) The y-axis indicates how much of the pigment molecule is present in the leaves.

Chlorophyll a and b are green-colored molecules. What color(s) of light do they reflect? a) only red and blue b) only green c) only orange and red d) only violet e) only blue and green

b) only green

Why are leaves green? a) Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the ultraviolet and infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes. b) Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the blue-violet and infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes. c) Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the blue-violet and red-orange part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes. d) Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the green part of the electromagnetic spectrum. e) Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the ultraviolet and red-orange part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.

c) Chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the blue-violet and red-orange part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.

The conversion of radiant energy to chemical energy occurs in photosynthesis and many other common phenomena, such as brewing tea, fading of dyes in the sun, and photography. In what way is photosynthesis different from these other processes? a) Photosynthesis needs no other chemical compounds besides light and water. b) Photosynthesis relies on both radiant energy and air molecules. c) Photosynthesis fixes light energy in the form of high potential chemical energy in compounds that do not break down spontaneously and that can be stored until required later for the carrying out of life processes. d) Photosynthesis fixes light energy in the form of low potential chemical energy in compounds that do not break down spontaneously and that can be stored until required later for the carrying out of life processes. e) Photosynthesis fixes chemical energy in the form of potential light energy in compounds that do not break down spontaneously and that can be stored until required later for the carrying out of life processes.

c) Photosynthesis fixes light energy in the form of high potential chemical energy in compounds that do not break down spontaneously and that can be stored until required later for the carrying out of life processes.

Which one of the following statements best represents the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis? a) Respiration occurs only in animals and photosynthesis occurs only in plants. b) Respiration stores energy in complex organic molecules, while photosynthesis releases it. c) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it. d) Photosynthesis reverses the biochemical pathways of respiration. e) Photosynthesis occurs only in the day and respiration occurs only at night.

c) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.

A green automobile hood exposed to sunlight will produce far more heat than a green leaf exposed to the same amount of sunlight. Why is this? a) The green color of the automobile hood is not the result of a pigment, while the green color of the leaf is the result of the chlorophyll pigment. b) The electrons in the pigment of the automobile hood have no mechanism for reaching an excited state, so all of the heat from the sun will be absorbed; in the leaf, the chlorophyll pigment provides a locus for excitation of electrons by light. c) The automobile hood has no mechanism for capturing the energy of its excited electrons, so it releases that energy as heat as the electrons fall back to their ground state; a leaf contains primary electron receptors, which will capture the energy and put it to use in making ATP and NADPH. d) The automobile hood has no mechanism for capturing the energy of its excited electrons, so it releases that energy as heat as the electrons fall back to their ground state; a leaf contains primary electron receptors, which will capture the energy and put it to use in making ADP and NADP+ . e) The automobile hood absorbs heat from other sources, such as the engine and the pavement, while the leaf is cooled by the shade of other leaves.

c) The automobile hood has no mechanism for capturing the energy of its excited electrons, so it releases that energy as heat as the electrons fall back to their ground state; a leaf contains primary electron receptors, which will capture the energy and put it to use in making ATP and NADPH.

When both light and temperature are increased, the rate of photosynthesis will: a) decrease because the increase in temperature will prevent photophosphorylation. b) increase because the activity of the Calvin cycle will increase because of the increase in light. c) increase because the activity of the photosystems will increase because of the increase in light and the activity of the Calvin cycle will increase because of the increase in temperature. d) increase because the activity of Photosystem I will increase, while the activity of Photosystem II will remain constant. e) remain the same because the increase in light will be counteracted by the increase in temperature.

c) increase because the activity of the photosystems will increase because of the increase in light and the activity of the Calvin cycle will increase because of the increase in temperature.

Potential energy: a) is energy that changes into chemical energy only with very high temperatures b) transfers motion to matter. c) is contained in matter placed in certain positions or arrangements. d) contains less energy than kinetic energy. e) is kinetic energy that has not yet been turned to heat

c) is contained in matter placed in certain positions or arrangements.

The leaves of plants can be thought of as "eating" sunlight. From an energetic perspective this makes sense because: a) both light energy and food energy can be converted to kinetic energy without the loss of heat. b) photons are linked together by hydrogen bonds which release energy when striking the surface of a leaf. c) light energy, like the chemical energy released when the bonds of food molecules are broken, is a type of kinetic energy. d) the carbon-hydrogen bonds within a photon of light release energy when broken by the enzymes in chloroplasts. e) the carbon-oxygen bonds within a photon of light release energy when broken by the enzymes in chloroplasts.

c) light energy, like the chemical energy released when the bonds of food molecules are broken, is a type of kinetic energy.

Life gains most of its energy from: a) water. b) oxygen. c) sunlight. d) carbohydrate molecules. e) sugar molecules.

c) sunlight.

Within the study of thermodynamics, a closed system is defined as system in which energy does not come in and energy does go out. Which of the following is considered a closed system? a) the earth b) a living organism's body c) the universe d) an ocean e) All of the above are examples of closed systems.

c) the universe

A green plant can carry out photosynthesis if given nothing more than: a) air. b) water and light. c) water, light, and air. d) light. e) water.

c) water, light, and air.

Which of the following is NOT a form of kinetic energy? a) a swimmer doing the breast stroke b) flowing water turning a turbine c) a pitcher throwing a baseball d) a covalent bond linking phosphate molecules

d) a covalent bond linking phosphate molecules

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is constant; it can ____________________, but not _______________. a) cycle; flow b) be produced and generated; moved or relocated c) be increased and decreased; eliminated d) be transferred and transformed; created or destroyed e) hustle; flow

d) be transferred and transformed; created or destroyed

Which by-product of photosynthesis was important in altering the atmosphere of the earth so that aerobic organisms could evolve? a) carbon dioxide b) methane gas c) air d) oxygen e) nitrogen

d) oxygen

Every time a source of energy is converted from one form to another: a) the entropy in the system is reduced. b) the total energy of the system increases. c) the total amount of energy in the universe is reduced by a tiny amount. d) some of the energy is converted to heat, which is one of the least usable forms of kinetic energy. e) the first law of thermodynamics is violated.

d) some of the energy is converted to heat, which is one of the least usable forms of kinetic energy.

The phosphate groups in ATP: a) represent a significant source of stored energy. b) release energy when separated from the rest of the molecule. c) are covalently bonded to each other. d) are negatively charged. e) All of the above are correct.

e) All of the above are correct.

Phosphorus is an important nutrient for plants and animals because it is a component of: a) amino acids and ATP. b) DNA, RNA, and amino acids. c) polysaccharides and amino acids. d) cell membranes. e) DNA, RNA, and ATP.

e) DNA, RNA, and ATP.

Which of the following sequences accurately represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? a) NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle b) H2O → ATP → Calvin cycle c) NADPH → O2 → CO2 d) NADPH → electron transport chain → O2 e) H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle

e) H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle

The graphs above show data relating to seasonal differences in the amount of pigment molecules present in leaves and how this is related to leaves changing colors. Why are there two graphs shown here? a) The two graphs indicate how leaves of different species differ in their leaf color in spring versus fall. b) The two graphs are a measure of the variation in the amount of pigment leaves produce from leaf to leaf. c) The two graphs show the absolute measure of pigment at one time point in the spring and one time point in the fall. d) The two graphs are each measures of the light absorbed by pigments across the year. e) The two graphs are each measures of the amounts of pigment, for three different pigments, in spring versus fall.

e) The two graphs are each measures of the amounts of pigment, for three different pigments, in spring versus fall.

The energy transformation pathways of cellular respiration and photosynthesis are related in which of the following ways? a) Photosynthesis is the energy-releasing stage and cellular respiration is the energy-acquiring stage. b) Photosynthesis is the energy-acquiring stage and cellular respiration is the energy-releasing stage. c) Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water. d) Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and water while cellular respiration requires oxygen and e) b), c), and d) are correct

e) b), c), and d) are correct

A molecule of glucose sugar is used by the cells of your body to make about 34-36 ATP. This means that: a) the bond between ADP and the last P in ATP is a low energy bond. b) glucose is a relatively energy poor molecule compared to ATP. c) organisms that cannot use glucose, like some bacteria, don't make ATP. d) ATP can be used over and over again without being used up. e) glucose carries at least 30-40 times the energy of an ATP molecule.

e) glucose carries at least 30-40 times the energy of an ATP molecule.