Chapter 4: Inside the Cell

The three major features associated with the nucleus.

1. Chromatin 2. Nucleolus 3. Nucleoplasm

The process of endosymbiosis is supported by the discovery that chloropasts have their own...

1. DNA 2. Ribosomes

What are the four main components of the endomembrane system?

1. Golgi apparatus 2. Nuclear Envelope 3. Vesicles 4. Endoplasmic reticulum

Which two organelles have more than one membrane?

1. Mitochondria 2. Chloroplasts

Select the functions of a cytoskeleton.

1. Production of movement throughout the cell 2. Structural support

Match the type of cell junction with its function.

1. Tight Junction: Membrane structures actually attach to each other forming a barrier. 2. Gap Junction: Connections that allow molecules from the cytoplasm of one cell to pass directly into the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell. 3. Adhesion junction: Attachments between adjoining cells that are strong but flexible and keep cells in contact with one another.

Prokaryotes are typically _________ and ________ than eukaryotes.

1. smaller 2. less complex

In tissues that stretch, _________ junctions hold adjacent cells together.

Adhesion

Prokaryotes that belong to domain ___________ are well known as disease-causing agents and decomposers and are crucial to maintaining the biosphere.

Bacteria

The protective polysaccharide layer on the outside of the cell wall in some bacteria is called the....

Capsule

Which protein enables human body to distinguish its cells from cells of another organism?

Cell recognition cells

Proteins and their functions:

Channel Protein: Tunnel that allows specific molecules to pass through the plasma membrane Transport Protein: uses energy to allow the passage of molecules across the plasma membrane Cell recognition protein:

Which two categories of proteins embedded in the plasma membrane are responsible for allowing the passage of certain materials across the membrane?

Channel Proteins and Transport Proteins

The process by which chloropasts were derived from photosynthetic bacteria is called.....

Endosymbiosis

A cell is able to perform degradative and synthetic reactions in part due to ___________ proteins attached to the membrane of the cell.

Enzymatic

True or false: Lysosomes are water storing vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus.

FALSE: Vacuoles store water. lysosomes are made by the Golgi apparatus, but contain digestive enzymes.

This structure allows the prokaryotic cell to move in a rotary-like motion:

Flagellum

Through which type of intercellular connection does chemical communication occur?

Gap junctions

What eukaryotic organelle is made up of three to twenty flattened saccules and receives transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus.

That proteins that functions to maintain the integrity of the bladder as it fills with fluid and swells are

Junction Proteins

The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is found within the region of the cytoplasm called...

Nucleoid

The tiny structures within eukaryotic cells, like mitochondria and lysosomes, that carry out specific functions for the cell are called ___________

Organelles

In the fluid-mosaic model, the "fluid" component of the membrane is composed of ___________ molecules.

PHOSPHOLIPID. The protein molecules are the "mosaic" of the model.

The hormone insulin binds to which type of protein in liver cells?

Receptor Proteins

The rough ER is studded with _____________ which are sites for the production of proteins.

Ribosomes

What is the site of synthesis of proteins in bacterial cells?

Ribosomes

Unspecialized cells that have the potential to divide almost indefinitely are termed _______ cells.

Stem

What is the fundamental unit of life?

The cell

Cells that serve as barriers, like those in the tubules of the kidneys, are held together by __________

Tight junctions

Which type of protein, involved in the passage of molecules and ions through the plasma membrane, might combine with a substance to aid in its passage across the membrane?

Transport Proteins

Which type of protein, involved in the passage of molecules and ions through the plasma membrane, might combine with a substance to aid its passage across the membrane.

Transport proteins

The plan cell ________ lies outside the plasma membrane and allows the cell to stretch while growing, yet gives support to the cell.

Wall

What type of molecules would be able to pass through the plasmodesmata and more from one plant cell to another?

Water and small water soluble molecules

Molecules of the plasma membrane that can establish the identity of a cell or play an important role in the immune response against pathogens are called...

glycoproteins

Cell membranes are composed mainly of _________

phospholipids

The mathematical ratio of the outer area of a cell compared to its volume is called...

surface-area-to-volume ratio