Chapter 4 Lab

Identify the primary functions of simple columnar epithelium. -Absorption -Secretion -Protection -Filtration -Diffusion

-Absorption -Secretion

A freckle is a concentrated spot of this pigment. -cyano -keratin -carotene -melanin

-melanin

What does the term "regular" in "dense regular connective tissue" refer to? -Fibers are all the same type. -Fibers run parallel. -Fibers run perpendicular. -Fibers are evenly distributed throughout the tissue. -Fibers run in an interwoven web.

-Fibers run parallel.

The ________ is the structure responsible for goose bumps. -hair follicle -sebaceous gland -lamellar corpuscle -arrector pili

-arrector pili

Select the tissue that is a simple epithelium. -pseudostratified -areolar -transitional -dense regular

-pseudostratified

Which of the following pigments is not involved in determining skin color? -melanin produced by skin cells -carotene from carrots and yellow vegetables -red pigments in blood -white pigments in skin cells

-white pigments in skin cells

__________ is a yellow-orange pigment found in the stratum corneum and the hypodermis. -Keratin -Carotene -Melanin -Hemoglobin

-Carotene

What fiber type permits areolar connective tissue to retain a degree of flexibility? -Elastic -Collagen -Reticular

-Elastic

What is true about the blood supply to the skin? -Both epidermis and dermis are richly vascularized. -Both epidermis and dermis are poorly vascularized. -Epidermis is richly vascularized and dermis is avascular. -Epidermis is avascular and dermis is richly vascularized.

-Epidermis is avascular and dermis is richly vascularized.

Identify the primary function(s) of simple squamous epithelium cells. -Filtration -Absorption -Secretion -Protection -Diffusion

-Filtration -Diffusion

Where is hyaline cartilage found in the body? -Joints -Nose -Ear -Trachea -Intervertebral discs

-Joints -Nose -Trachea

Identify the primary function(s) of dense irregular connective tissue. -Resists compression -Provides flexibility along one spatial plane only -Resists stress applied along multiple spatial planes -Resists stress applied along one spatial plane only -Provides strength

-Resists stress applied along multiple spatial planes -Provides strength

Identify the functions of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. -Secretion -Absorption -Movement -Diffusion -Filtration

-Secretion -Movement

All connective tissue is derived from an embryonic tissue known as __________. -ground substance -cartilage -reticular -mesenchyme

-mesenchyme

What is the function of cilia? -Absorption -Circulation of cytoplasm within the cell -Movement of something across the cell's surface -Movement of the cell -Increasing of surface area

-Movement of something across the cell's surface

Identify the best description for the shape of squamous cells -Spherical -Pyramidal -Cube-like -Plate-like -Cylindrical

-Plate-like

Blood is a type of connective tissue. - True or false

-True

How would you interpret a micrograph that shows a cuboidal cell without a nucleus? -When preparing the slide, the blade did not cut through the nucleus. -Nuclei of cuboidal cells are very small and hard to see in a micrograph. -The nuclei of cuboidal cells don't stain well. -The nucleus is never visible because it is a small organelle. -Not all cuboidal cells contain a nucleus.

-When preparing the slide, the blade did not cut through the nucleus.

Where is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium found in the body? -Lining large bronchi -Lining the trachea -Lining the air sacs of the lungs -Lining the nasal cavity -Lining the oropharynx and laryngopharynx

-Lining large bronchi -Lining the trachea -Lining the nasal cavity

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? -Filtration -Absorption -Diffusion -Protection -Secretion

-Protection

A single layer of tall rectangular cells best describes which of the following? -Goblet cells -Simple squamous epithelium -Simple cuboidal epithelium -Stratified columnar epithelium -Simple columnar epithelium

-Simple columnar epithelium

What is the only body system that contains transitional epithelium? -Endocrine system -Respiratory system -Urinary system -Digestive system -Cardiovascular system

-Urinary system

What visual feature sets hyaline cartilage apart from other types of cartilage? -Matrix appears transparent. -Matrix does not contain fibers. -Very few cells can be observed. -Matrix appears fibrous. -Cells exist in spaces called lacunae.

-Matrix appears transparent.

Epithelial tissues can be classified according to cell shape. __________ epithelial cells are scalelike and flattened. -Transitional -Columnar -Squamous -Cuboidal

-Squamous

Which of these are visible characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium? -The squamous cells closer to the lumen are fuller and rounder while the squamous cells closer to the connective tissue are flatter. -Stratified squamous epithelium is always adjacent to a free space or lumen. -There are so many layers of cells that it would be difficult to count them precisely. -The boundary between stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue is indistinct and hard to see. -The squamous cells closer to the lumen are flatter while the squamous cells closer to the connective tissue are fuller and rounder.

-Stratified squamous epithelium is always adjacent to a free space or lumen. -There are so many layers of cells that it would be difficult to count them precisely. -The squamous cells closer to the lumen are flatter while the squamous cells closer to the connective tissue are fuller and rounder.

What is true about apocrine sweat glands? -They are distributed all over the body. -They are important in temperature regulation. -They produce clear perspiration consisting primarily of water and salts. -They are located predominantly in axillary and genital areas.

-They are located predominantly in axillary and genital areas.

What is not true about cutaneous glands, hair, and nails? -They are derived from epithelial tissue. -They reside in the dermis. -They are accessory structures of the skin. -They are made up entirely of dead cells.

-They are made up entirely of dead cells.

What is not true of epithelial cells? -They are richly vascularized. -They have a free surface. -They regenerate readily. -They are bound together to form sheets.

-They are richly vascularized.

What are the visible characteristics of dense regular connective tissue? -Very little ground substance and few cells are observable on the slide. -Collagen fibers or elastic fibers running in the same direction. -Fibroblast nuclei are visible, sporadically located between fibers. -Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers can be observed on a microscope slide. -Multiple types of fibers running in different directions.

-Very little ground substance and few cells are observable on the slide. -Collagen fibers or elastic fibers running in the same direction. -Fibroblast nuclei are visible, sporadically located between fibers.

This connective tissue consists of large round densely packed cells with the nucleus pushed to one side. -blood -adipose -hyaline cartilage -reticular

-adipose

This type of connective tissue is primarily composed of cells. -hyaline cartilage -blood -adipose -bone

-adipose

Squamous epithelial cells ________. -are thin and flat, like fish scales -are taller than they are wide, like columns -have no nuclei -are as tall as they are wide, like cubes

-are thin and flat, like fish scales

This connective tissue is made of hard calcified matrix and stores calcium and other minerals. -bone (osseous tissue) -dense irregular -hyaline cartilage -elastic cartilage

-bone (osseous tissue)

The hypodermis is ________. -part of the dermis -composed primarily of adipose tissue -the third region of the skin -part of the epidermis

-composed primarily of adipose tissue

This tissue type is a covering and lining tissue. It also includes glands. -epithelial -muscle -nervous -connective

-epithelial

This accessory organ of the skin is composed primarily of dead, keratinized cells. -eccrine gland -hair -apocrine gland -sebaceous gland

-hair

These are the most abundant epidermal cells. -melanocytes -tactile cells -keratinocytes -dendritic cells

-keratinocytes

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis? -fibroblasts -keratinocytes -dendritic cells -macrophages

-keratinocytes

Epithelial tissues are found ________. -lining hollow organs -in the walls of hollow organs -attaching muscle to bone -storing lipid reserves under the skin

-lining hollow organs

Name the substance that protects the DNA of rapidly dividing skin cells from the damage caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun. -melanin -hemoglobin -keratin -carotene

-melanin

Skin color is determined by the degree of oxygenation of the blood and the relative amounts of these two pigments. -carotene and hemoglobin -hemoglobin and melanin -keratin and melanin -melanin and carotene

-melanin and carotene

The ducts of __________ glands usually empty into a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface. -sweat -sebaceous

-sebaceous

These glands are found all over the skin except in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. They produce an oily substance that lubricates skin and hair. -sebaceous glands -eccrine sweat glands -apocrine sweat glands -endocrine glands

-sebaceous glands

Epithelial cells are specialized to ________. -actively contract and produce many types of movements -secrete, filter, and absorb -receive stimuli and conduct electrical signals to all parts of the body -protect, support, and bind together other tissues

-secrete, filter, and absorb

Nails originate from the epidermis. - True or false

- True

Identify the function of transitional epithelium -Diffusion -Flexibility -Absorption -Movement -Filtration

-Flexibility

Where are chondrocytes located? -Outside lacunae -Outer periphery of the tissue -Inside lacunae -Between collagen fibers -Chondrocytes aren't found in cartilage.

-Inside lacunae

Endocrine and exocrine glands are classified as epithelium because they usually develop from epithelial membranes. -True or false

True

Identify the one characteristic that does NOT describe a goblet cell. -Columnar epithelial cell -Unicellular gland -Produces mucus -Secretes mucus onto the luminal surface -Component of a mucous gland

-Component of a mucous gland

What does the term "dense" in "dense irregular connective tissue" refer to? -Density of cells -Density of fibers -Density of fibroblast nuclei -Density of the ground substance

-Density of fibers

What are the visible characteristics of transitional epithelium? -Neighbors a hollow cavity called the lumen. -Cilia project from the apical surface into the lumen. -Cell is more rounded at the basal surface and flattened at the apical surface. -Multiple layers of cells. -Rounded apical surfaces that resemble a tombstone shape.

-Neighbors a hollow cavity called the lumen. -Multiple layers of cells. -Rounded apical surfaces that resemble a tombstone shape.

This is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body. -connective -muscle -epithelial -nervous

-connective

This tough, strong, connective tissue is found beneath the epithelial tissue of the skin. It is packed with collagen fibers that run in all different directions. -bone (osseous tissue) -dense elastic tissue -dense regular -dense irregular

-dense irregular

This connective tissue looks like strands of wavy hair. It is very strong and attaches muscles to bones. -areolar -fibrocartilage -dense regular -elastic tissue

-dense regular

These cells produce a brown-to-black pigment that colors the skin and protects DNA from ultraviolet radiation damage. The cells are __________. -keratinocytes -tactile cells -melanocytes -dendritic cells

-melanocytes

All the following are examples of connective tissue EXCEPT __________. -ligaments -neurons -tendons -bones

-neurons

Simple epithelia have ________. -multiple layers of just one type of epithelial cells -two types of epithelial cells, arranged in one layer -all three types of epithelial cells arranged in one layer -one type of epithelial cell, arranged in a single layer

-one type of epithelial cell, arranged in a single layer

This structure located in the epidermis serves as a tactile (touch) receptor. -lamellar corpuscle -root hair plexus -Langerhans cell -Merkel cell

-Merkel cell

The skin has two distinct regions. The superficial layer is the __________ and the underlying connective tissue is the __________.

epidermis, dermis

This type of connective tissue is found under epithelia, packaging organs, and surrounding capillaries. -areolar -reticular -dense elastic -elastic cartilage

-areolar

Where is transitional epithelium found in the body? -Lining of the uterus -Lining of the kidneys -Lining of the ureters -Lining of the proximal portion of the urethra -Lining of the urinary bladder

-Lining of the ureters -Lining of the proximal portion of the urethra -Lining of the urinary bladder

Where is simple columnar epithelium found in the body? -Lining the small and large intestine -Lining the esophagus -Lining the stomach -Lining the uterine (fallopian) tubes -Lining the trachea

-Lining the small and large intestine -Lining the stomach -Lining the uterine (fallopian) tubes

What type of connective tissue is areolar connective tissue? -Cartilage -Dense connective tissue -Dense irregular connective tissue -Loose connective tissue -Dense regular connective tissue

-Loose connective tissue

What are the visible characteristics of areolar connective tissue? -Cells are packed in tight together so that neighboring cells contact each other. -Multiple types of fibers running in different directions. -Fibers create an observable woven or web-type pattern. -All the fiber types present can be observed on a microscope slide. -Multiple cell types are present.

-Multiple types of fibers running in different directions. -Fibers create an observable woven or web-type pattern. -Multiple cell types are present.

Identify the primary function(s) of dense regular connective tissue. -Resists compression -Provides strength and durability -Resists tensions applied along multiple planes -Filtration and diffusion through a matrix of fibers -Resists bidirectional tensions applied along one spatial plane

-Provides strength and durability -Resists bidirectional tensions applied along one spatial plane

Identify the primary function(s) of hyaline cartilage. -Provides structural support -Provides strength -Stores calcium -Houses various cell types such as fibroblasts and white blood cells -Provides elastic flexibility and recoil

-Provides structural support -Provides strength

What body system contains pseudostratified columnar epithelium? -Respiratory system -Urinary system -Cardiovascular system -Endocrine system -Digestive system

-Respiratory system

Identify the primary functions of simple cuboidal epithelium. -Protection -Secretion -Absorption -Diffusion -Filtration

-Secretion -Absorption

Describe the apical surface. -Secretions from goblet cells are released from the apical surface of a cell. -The apical surface directly contacts the neighboring epithelial cells. -The apical surface is closest to or on the luminal surface. -The apical surface is closest to the base of the cell; therefore, it's closer to the blood supply contained in the neighboring connective tissue. -The apical surface is sometimes covered with cilia.

-Secretions from goblet cells are released from the apical surface of a cell. -The apical surface is closest to or on the luminal surface. -The apical surface is sometimes covered with cilia.

What is true about both the epidermis and the dermis? -Both are made of dense irregular connective tissue -They are highly vascular. -Sensory receptors are present in each. -Each consists, in part, of dead and dying cells.

-Sensory receptors are present in each.

Which of these are characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelium? -Simple cuboidal epithelium is always found in regions that permit diffusion. -Simple cuboidal cells exist only as double-layered sheets. -Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells. -Simple cuboidal epithelium is found next to free space called the lumen. -Simple cuboidal epithelium frequently forms tubular or spherical structures in the body.

-Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells. -Simple cuboidal epithelium is found next to free space called the lumen. -Simple cuboidal epithelium frequently forms tubular or spherical structures in the body.

Which of these are characteristics of simple squamous epithelium? -Simple squamous cells exist only as individual, independent cells, and not as part of a population of simple squamous cells. -Simple squamous epithelium is found next to free space called the lumen. -Simple squamous cells attach to form a sheet-like arrangement. -Simple squamous epithelium consists of multiple layers of cells. -Simple squamous epithelium is always found wedged between other tissue types.

-Simple squamous epithelium is found next to free space called the lumen. -Simple squamous cells attach to form a sheet-like arrangement.

Which of the following best describes pseudostratified epithelium? -Multiple layers of cuboidal and columnar cells -Multiple layers of cells with various heights -Single layer of cells with various heights -Multiple layers of ciliated cells -Single layer of columnar cells

-Single layer of cells with various heights

Having multiple layers of flat cells against a free surface describes which of the following? -Simple cuboidal epithelium -Pseudostratified squamous epithelium -Stratified squamous epithelium -Stratified cuboidal epithelium -Simple squamous epithelium

-Stratified squamous epithelium

Identify the primary functions of areolar connective tissue. -Supports epithelium -Resists compression -Protects the epidermis -Connects different tissue types -Connects muscle to bone

-Supports epithelium -Connects different tissue types

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found in the body? -Lining of the large intestine -Thyroid follicles -Kidney tubules -Kidneys (glomerular capsule) -Ducts of large sweat glands

-Thyroid follicles -Kidney tubules

Where is areolar connective tissue found in the body? -Underlying the epithelium of the trachea -Underlying the epithelium of the esophagus -Capping the ends of bone -Deep regions of the dermis -Underlying the epidermis

-Underlying the epithelium of the trachea -Underlying the epithelium of the esophagus -Underlying the epidermis

If you've ever had a paper cut, you know that they can be pretty painful, yet they rarely bleed. Why is this? -A paper cut usually only affects the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. They both have sensory receptors but lack a blood supply, so unless the wound reaches the hypodermis, it won't bleed. -A paper cut usually only affects the epidermis layer of the skin. The epidermis has sensory receptors, which are very numerous in our fingertips. However, our epidermis lacks a blood supply, so unless the wound reaches the dermis, it won't bleed. -A paper cut is a small cut in the epidermis that activates sensory receptors, and bleeding is limited due the size of the wound. -A paper cut is only painful if it bleeds because sensory receptors and a blood supply are only found in the dermal layer of the skin.

-A paper cut usually only affects the epidermis layer of the skin. The epidermis has sensory receptors, which are very numerous in our fingertips. However, our epidermis lacks a blood supply, so unless the wound reaches the dermis, it won't bleed.

Acne is a common skin problem that can affect all ages of individuals. It occurs when dead skin cells clog a pore and the oil cannot escape, which forms the pimple. Sometimes bacteria can also get inside the clogged pore, which makes it red and swollen. Which type of gland secretes oil? What is the term for the oil? -A sebaceous gland produces oil, known as sebum. -A merocrine gland produces oil, known as sebum. -A ceruminous gland produces oil, known as cerumen. -A merocrine gland produces oil, known as cerumen.

-A sebaceous gland produces oil, known as sebum.

What is not true of connective tissue? -All connective tissues contain elastic fibers. -Its matrix contains fibers. -It contains both cells and noncellular, nonliving material. -Its matrix is produced by the cells within the tissue.

-All connective tissues contain elastic fibers.

__________ glands are found primarily in the genital and axillary areas. -Apocrine -Eccrine

-Apocrine

Where is the basement membrane located? -Across the apical surfaces of the epithelial cells -At the boundary between the lumen and connective tissue -At the boundary between connective tissue and epithelium -Between neighboring epithelial cells -At the basal surface of each epithelial cell

-At the boundary between connective tissue and epithelium

Orthopedic surgeons are fond of saying, "It is better to break a bone than it is to tear a tendon or ligament." Why is this true? -Bones heal quicker because there are multiple tissue types that are involved compared to only one type of tissue making up the tendons and ligaments. -Bone fractures are less painful than tendon and ligament injuries. -Tendons and ligaments are smaller and require surgical intervention, requiring a longer recovery time. -Broken bones heal faster and with less scar tissue because they are more vascularized than tendons or ligaments.

-Broken bones heal faster and with less scar tissue because they are more vascularized than tendons or ligaments.

Which description is best for transitional epithelium? -Cells that are more squamous in a relaxed state but more rounded when stretched. -Cells that can randomly exist in two different states. -Tissue that contains elastic fibers, permitting the tissue to stretch when necessary. -Cells that are more cuboidal in a relaxed state but more squamous when stretched. -Cells that transition from round to flat based on the age of the cell.

-Cells that are more cuboidal in a relaxed state but more squamous when stretched.

What is the dominant fiber type found in dense irregular connective tissue? -Reticular -Collagen -Elastic

-Collagen

What are the fiber types found in the two forms of dense regular connective tissue? -Elastic and reticular -Reticular and collagen -Collagen and elastic

-Collagen and elastic

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found in the body? -Deep regions of the dermis -Forms the intervertebral discs -The epidermis -Forms thin encasements around many organs -Underlying the epithelium of the stomach

-Deep regions of the dermis -Forms thin encasements around many organs

What are the visible characteristics of dense irregular connective tissue? -Fibers create a woven or web-type pattern observable on the slide. -Multiple types of fibers running in different directions. -Collagen fibers running in different directions. -Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers can be observed on a microscope slide. -Fibroblast nuclei are visible in a sporadic arrangement

-Fibers create a woven or web-type pattern observable on the slide. -Collagen fibers running in different directions. -Fibroblast nuclei are visible in a sporadic arrangement.

Where is dense regular connective tissue found in the body? -Forms lymph nodes -Forms part of the wall of large arteries -Insulates against heat loss -Forms tendons -Forms the fibrous capsules that surround joint cavities

-Forms part of the wall of large arteries -Forms tendons

What are the visible characteristics of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium? -Each cell within the pseudostratified tissue can be clearly seen touching the basement membrane. -Goblet cells are columnar cells that can be seen interspersed within the tissue. -Cilia project from the apical surface into the lumen. -The nuclei are found in multiple planes, giving the illusion of multiple cell layers. -Each cell has a uniform height yet the nuclei fall in multiple different planes.

-Goblet cells are columnar cells that can be seen interspersed within the tissue. -Cilia project from the apical surface into the lumen. -The nuclei are found in multiple planes, giving the illusion of multiple cell layers.

Where is simple squamous epithelium found in the body? -Kidneys (glomerular capsule) -Lining of blood vessels -Epidermis -Air sacs of the lungs -Lining of the small intestine

-Kidneys (glomerular capsule) -Lining of blood vessels -Air sacs of the lungs

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found in the body? -Dermis -Lining of the urinary bladder -Lining of the esophagus -Epidermis -Lining of the vagina

-Lining of the esophagus -Epidermis -Lining of the vagina

One method of blocking harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun is to apply zinc oxide to the exposed skin. This prevents UV rays from penetrating into the skin. Why might an individual want to supplement their diet with vitamin D if they regularly use zinc oxide? -Zinc oxide prevents the skin from absorbing vitamin D synthesized in the epidermis. -Zinc oxide prevents sunlight from reaching the skin, which decreases the skin's ability to produce vitamin D. -Zinc oxide prevents oxygen from reaching the skin, which decreases the skin's ability to produce vitamin D. -Zinc oxide prevents water from evaporating from the skin, which decreases the skin's ability to produce vitamin D.

-Zinc oxide prevents sunlight from reaching the skin, which decreases the skin's ability to produce vitamin D.

This connective tissue is packed with parallel collagen fibers, attaches muscles to bone, and can withstand great stress when pulled in one direction. -dense elastic -dense irregular -fibrocartilage -dense regular

-dense regular

Pressure receptors, called lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles, are located in this layer of the integument. -dermal reticular layer -epidermal stratum spinosum -dermal papillary layer -epidermal stratum basale

-dermal reticular layer

Exocrine glands are considered to be a type of connective tissue because ________. -their ducts connect them to a surface -they produce secretions, not hormones -exocrine glands are epithelial tissue, not connective tissue -they develop from mesenchyme

-exocrine glands are epithelial tissue, not connective tissue

This is the toughest kind of cartilage. It is found in places that receive a lot of mechanical stress. -fibrocartilage -elastic cartilage -hyaline cartilage

-fibrocartilage

This layer of the dermis is responsible for fingerprints. -deep stratum basale -papillary layer -reticular layer -areolar layer

-papillary layer

This epithelial tissue forms the kidney tubules, and the ducts and secretory portions of small glands. -simple cuboidal -pseudostratified columnar -simple columnar -simple squamous

-simple cuboidal

This tissue can look like the hexagonal tiles of a bathroom floor. It also forms the air sacs of the lungs. -stratified squamous epithelium -adipose connective tissue -hyaline cartilage -simple squamous epithelium

-simple squamous epithelium

This epithelial tissue has many cell layers. It forms the outer layer of the skin. -stratified columnar -transitional -pseudostratified columnar -stratified squamous

-stratified squamous

This tissue type is capable of changing its shape and stretching. It lines the urinary bladder and ureters. -smooth muscle -dense irregular connective tissue -stratified squamous epithelium -transitional epithelium

-transitional epithelium