Chapter 4 Quiz

When Max gets dressed, he looks at himself in a mirror and considers how people will see him. He isn't thinking of a specific person's reaction but rather that of people in general. This ability to imagine how society perceives the self is what Mead refers to as X in the diagram. What is X? -the projected ego -the eyes of society -the generalized other -human nature

the generalized other

one contemporary limitation about the media as an agent of socialization involves ____. -the blind trust people place in their news outlets -the lack of diversity in entertainment -the rise of the internet as a way to obtain information -the hyper polarization of society, where people seek out media that support their preconceived ideas

the hyper polarization of society, where people seek out media that support their preconceived ideas

your textbook argues that the rise of ADHD diagnosis and treatment stems in large part from ____. -the inflexible demands of schools for students to conform to certain behaviors -changes in human physiology -better medical care for all families -the rise of home-schooling

the inflexible demands of schools for students to conform to certain behaviors

because military boot camps and prisons are places that control all of the basics of people's day-to-day lives, they are known as ____. -front stages -ascribed statuses -total institutions -bureaucracies

total institutions

According to impression management, the backstage arena would include ____. -occasions when we create and maintain particular impressions of ourselves -what we want others to think about us -where we are our private selves and where the real story takes place -occasions when we are in public

where we are our private selves and where the real story takes place

schools differ from families in terms of socializing children in many ways. one of them involves the presence of ____. -cafeteria workers and custodians -crossing guards and police officers -principals and librarians -teachers and other students

-teachers and other students

george herbert mead concept of the "self" as consisting of the i and the me is closely related to Sigmund Freud's theory of ____. -the Oedipus complex -the id, the ego, and the superego -the life drive (or "libido") and the death drive -seduction theory

-the id, the ego, and the superego

there have been many cases of what are termed feral children. ("feral" meaning wild, so "feral cats" are those that have always lived outside with little human contact.) Many of these are simply stories, but more recent cases have provided concrete substance to the way children develop. The case of the young girl named Genie is the most carefully documented and well studied instance of what happens to a child who does not experience adequate contact with other people during infancy and childhood. Genie was locked in a room alone for nearly 13 years and never developed language skills the way most children do. Obviously part of this case is due to severe parental neglect, but the other question is whether abilities like language are innate. Fundamentally, this case is about nature versus nurture and whether ____. -the physical or the social environment has a larger impact on culture -parents or peer groups influence children's behavior -biology and socialization shapes human behavior -physical or cognitive traits influence socialization

biology and socialization shapes human behavior

peer groups often teach individuals how to ____. -respect elders -resist conformity -break rules -set higher aspirations

break rules

frontstages are areas that ____. -are always clearly defined -- you know when you are on one and when you are not -can never serve as a backstage -involve highly scripted, formal social interactions -can exist wherever two actors begin engaging in social interaction

can exist wherever two actors begin engaging in social interaction

in many first-generation immigrant families, ____ act as the agents of socialization for ____. -nuclear families; extended families -parents; children -children; parents -church groups; family

children; parents

You go to a party and across the room you spot your best friend's former girlfriend, someone you have really wanted to meet and get to know well. You're unsure how to start the conversation, and feel that it's best to wait for a signal that it's all right to have a conversation. You're exercising what is called ____. -politesse -social awkwardness -saving face -civil inattention

civil inattention

Kalani has busy summers planned for her daughters. They take music lessons, soccer lessons, basketball lessons, and attend summer school classes. This is an example of ____. -resocialization -concerted cultivation -role strain -natural growth

concerted cultivation

which of the following is an example of the given off gesture? -nodding in agreement during a job interview -winking at a stranger -talking to a colleague over coffee -glancing at your watch while someone talks to you

glancing at your watch while someone talks to you

according to erving goffman, we all try to make good impressions on others and we actively work to ensure that others believe they are doing the same. He calls this ____. -controlling one's environment -resocialization -impression management -the generalized other

impression management

sociologists tend to agree that "human nature" results from a combination of ____. -our biology and our social environment -ethnocentrism and cultural relativism -our social class and our gender -the values and the norms of society

our biology and our social environment

a drastic type of adult socialization that may occur when adults change environments is known as ____. - role conflict -resocialization -dramaturgy -role strain

resocialization

as an agent of socialization, families often emphasize ____ when raising their children. -issues of diversity -respect for elders -the importance of getting a good education -how to play independently

respect for elders

Sandra's boss asked her to work this weekend, but Sandra feels obligated to attend a family reunion and she has to study for an exam. She is having trouble deciding which "activity" to let go. Sandra is experiencing ____. -role strain -role conflict -status inconsistency -status incompatibility

role conflict

A single mother who is experiencing incompatibility within her role, such as dealing with sleep deprivation and spending quality time with her children, may be experiencing which of the following? -role conflict -role strain -peer pressure -resocialization

role strain

As a mother, Janelle sometimes feels torn. She knows she should be loving and supportive, but sometimes she needs to be firm and discipline her children. These seemingly incompatible expectations are an example of ____. -adult socialization -role conflict -role strain -ascribed status

role strain

A classmate has been talking for weeks about trying out for the school dance team. The day after the tryouts, you ask her how it went, and she answers that she didn't go because she was sick. In reality, however, she did try out but wasn't selected. The way your classmate handled the situation is an example of what? -saving face -role strain -a breach of common roles -the process of social construction

saving face

some suggest that schools help indoctrinate children by teaching them about the worlds of ____. -economics -politics -social status and privilege -art and philosophy

social status and privilege

1. other 2. generalized other 3. me 4. self 5. i ___ someone or something outside of oneself ___ one's sense of agency, action, and power ___ the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person ___ an internalized sense of the total expectations of others ___ the self as perceived as an object

1 5 4 2 3

1. ethnomethodology 2. total institution 3. ascribed status 4. generalized other 5. face 6. status 7. socialization ___ an institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day to day life; no barriers exist between the usual spheres of daily life, and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority. ___ a recognizable social position that an individual occupies ___ literally "the methods of the people", this approach to studying human interaction focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a shared social other. ___ the esteem in which an individual is held by others ___ the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society ___ an internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings-regardless of whether we've encountered those people or places before ___ a status into which one is born; involuntary status

2 6 1 5 7 4 3

1. achieved status 2. other 3. role strain 4. self 5. role conflict 6. me 7. resocialization ___the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses ___the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person ___the process by which one's sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are reengineered, often deliberately through an intense process that may take place in a total institution ___someone or something outside of oneself ___the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status ___ a status into which one enters; voluntary status ___the self as perceived as an object by the "i"; as the self as one imagines others perceive one

5 4 7 2 3 1 6

you are visiting relatives, and you are invited to play Hide and Seek with their three children: identical twins (a boy and a girl) aged about three, and an older sister aged about nine. In the spirit of fun, you offer to be "it". The search begins, and you immediately find that the twin boy has simply run into the other room, sat down in a chair and covered his eyes. You discover that his twin sister has hidden behind the couch (giggling, but hidden). Finally, the older sister is well hidden, and after a bit, you give up searching and call her in. From G.H. Mead's stages of social development perspective, the children are where in their respective stages of development? -twin boy - "you", twin girl - "self", older sister - "other" -twin boy - "i" or "self", twin sister - "other", older sister - "you" -twin boy - "i" or "self", twin girl - "other", older sister - "generalized other" -twin boy - "you", twin girl - "you", older sister - "self"

? twin boy - "i" or "self", twin girl - "other", older sister - "generalized other"

which of the following scenarios involves the use of peer pressure? -three children steal another child's soccer all on the playground because she won't share it -a sophomore woman is afraid to report a sexual assault because she believes her sorority sisters will ostracize her -three friends encourage a fourth to follow her dream and try out for the school play -a group of friends stages an intervention with a member of their group who they think has a drug problem

?a group of friends stages an intervention with a member of their group who they think has a drug problem

anticipatory socialization would most likely occur when individuals ____. -are sentenced to a year in prison for having the status of a drug dealer -begin to imagine themselves acquiring a new achieved status -are planning on going to a great party on Friday night -go back to their high school reunions

?begin to imagine themselves acquiring a new achieved status

as an agent of socialization, the media often teaches individuals about ____. -respect for elders -the need to conform -how to behave in different social settings -the consequences of deviant behavior

?how to behave in different social settings

a good deal of impression management can be said to involve teamwork. Which of the following is NOT an example of teamwork? -pedestrians on a street gathering to watch someone jump from a building -political campaigners and staff radiating a common air of confidence about the latest poll results -parents collaborating to prevent children from knowing about their quarrels -professors who loathe each other taking care to hide the fact from their students

?political campaigners and staff radiating a common air of confidence about the latest poll results

The professionals who cared for Anna, the young child who was largely neglected by her parents, concluded all of the following except for one of the statements below. Which statement is incorrect? -it seems impossible for a child to learn how to talk, think, or act normally after a long period of isolation -Anna could have been brought back to normal using modern techniques of psychology and therapy -Her inability to develop intellectually was largely the result of her isolation -Human nature is determined as much by social contacts as an individual's biology

Anna could have been brought back to normal using modern techniques of psychology and therapy

which theorist argued that other people provide us with a social mirror and that our interpretations of this mirror affects how we see ourselves? -Erving Goffman -Charles Horton Cooley -Emile Durkheim -George Herbert Mead

Charles Horton Cooley

who developed role theory as a way to examine social interactions? -Robert Merton -Karl Marx -Erving Goffman -Charles Horton Cooley

Robert Merton

which of the following is an example of recognizing the "generalized other"? -a little girl lives with her parents, siblings, and grandmother; the grandmother uses a cane. One day the girl sees a neighbor who is about her grandmother's age and asks where her cane is -a child is taught to hold the door for her parents or siblings when they are carrying something into the house. while at the mall, she holds the door for a stranger who is carrying several bags -there are several children at a pool party. One little boy is very shy and isn't joining in the games. After a while, a slightly older child encourages him to play with the others. -

a child is taught to hold the door for her parents or siblings when they are carrying something into the house. while at the mall, she holds the door for a stranger who is carrying several bags

what takes place during a "turing test"? -a computer attempts to convince somebody that it is actually human -individuals are quizzed about their knowledge of society's unwritten rules -your personality is tested to determine whether it was formed more by nurture or by nature -you are spun around in a circle multiple times until you fall down. Those who can stay standing the longest are the best candidates to become pilots or astronauts

a computer attempts to convince somebody that it is actually human

an ascribed status is one that ____. -a person has little or no control over -a person works to accomplish -is written in an official record -stands out within a status set

a person has little or no control over

Resocialization would be most likely to occur in which of the following situations? -a woman just out of college decides to accept an offer of a full-time job in Saudi Arabia -a child gets a new teacher halfway through the school year -an electrician who has never left the united states takes a two week vacation to kenya -a mother decides not to return to work after giving birth to her first child

a woman just out of college decides to accept an offer of a full-time job in Saudi Arabia

which of the following represents an ascribed status? -a lawyer -a sociology major -a high school dropout -an american of japanese descent

an american of japanese descent

according to george herbert mead, the "self" consists of two parts: the i and the me. What is the best way to describe the i? -an individual's desire to help others -an individual's identity -an individual's sense of being the "object" of a situation rather than being the "subject" -an individual's sense of agency and power

an individual's sense of agency and power

In India, there is an elaborate system of social classification called the caste system. This has existed for thousands of years, and still dictates, to a great extent, the social and economic status of an individual. A person's caste is an example of ____. -ascribed status -master status -achieved status -status set

ascribed status

Involuntary statuses that we are born into are called ____. -achieved statuses -status sets -ascribed statuses -master status

ascribed statuses

You are on an overseas trip with friends, and enjoy finding a place to stay as a guest in someone's home. At one such place, the hosts invite you to dinner, and serve up a meal of couscous, steamed veggies, and roast dog. You are unprepared for this, and you have a beloved pet dog at home. You recognize that this as a case of differences in ____. -face -economic disparities -performance types -assigned meanings

assigned meanings

george herbert mead would probably argue that if your four year old daughter picks her nose and keeps pulling up her dress while you are out at a fancy restaurant, it is because she has not ____. -developed an i -had enough social interaction -experienced role strain -internalized the general other

internalized the general other

one could argue that the media is not a positive agent of socialization because ____. -people only watch shows approved by their peer groups -it can desensitize people to violence -there are way too many cat videos on youtube -you generally have to pay in order to watch interesting programs

it can desensitize people to violence

we call phrenology a "pseudoscience" because ____. -it was practiced as a religion, not as a science -nobody really believed it -it looks like science, and it smells like science, but it aint really science -it wasn't based upon an actual scientific theory

it looks like science, and it smells like science, but it aint really science

sociologists view socialization as a ____ process. -biological -temporary -painful -lifelong

lifelong

according to annette lareau, working-class and poor parents focus on the "accomplishment of natural growth," while middle-class parents are more likely to engage in "concerted cultivation". In the "accomplishment of natural growth," children experience ____. -long stretches of leisure time and child-initiated play -instruction on how to interact with adult authority figures and how to manage schedules -organized activities that are established and controlled by their mothers and fathers -assistance, monitoring, and intervention from parents in their schoolwork

long stretches of leisure time and child-initiated play

Cooley's theory of socialization states that the self develops from our interactions with others and their reactions to us. This theory is known as ____. -dramaturgy -reflection theory -looking glass self theory -role-playing

looking glass self theory

according to charles cooley's looking glass theory, which of the following statements is true? -our interpretation of how others see us are more important than the reality of how others see us -the "i" internalizes other people's views; the "me" sees the self accurately -everything is socially constructed except for a person's true, inner self. -we should never concern ourselves with what others think of us

our interpretation of how others see us are more important than the reality of how others see us

Today's assumption that childhood represents a distinct phase in the life course stands in sharp contrast to the notion of children as little adults that was popular in preindustrial times. This example highlights how ____. -our notions of childhood are socially constructed -children's views of the world remain the same -children have redefined their status over the years -children today are increasingly put to work

our notions of childhood are socially constructed

Expected conformity, especially among teenage friends, is known as ____. -reference group influence -adolescent angst -peer pressure -role conflict

peer pressure

at a friend's housewarming, you meet a nice couple from india. they are engaged and tell you that their marriage was arranged - the young woman was "given" to the young man when they both very young (she was 12. he was 14.) they seem happy with this arrangement, but you're quite taken aback. by your standards, this all seems very hard to take. but since the couple is happy, you let it go. later on, you have the chance to be alone with the young woman. you ask her about the arranged marriage, and indeed, she seems very happy about the impending nuptials. your discomfort and the couple's lack of it can both be thought of as examples of ____. - operationalization -symbolic interactionism -socialization -social interaction

socialization

when individuals internalize the norms, values, and beliefs of society, they are experiencing the process of ____. -phrenology -cultural relativism -ethnocentrism -socialization

socialization

which of the following theories argues that people's feelings and choices about how to act are based on shared meanings, orientations, and assumption? -role theory -symbolic interactionism -functionalism -dramaturgical theory

symbolic interactionism

In her interview with Dalton Conley, Annette Lareau discusses the work found in her book, Unequal Childhoods, and gives numerous examples of the ways in which different parenting strategies play out in the home, and the results of those different strategies. Socioeconomic class differences - middle-class, working-class, and poor - figure prominently into the results, and she notes that the success of the child often hinges upon the knowledge and acceptance that what matters is that ____. -the intrinsic nature of the parents' strategy matters the most -parents must manage their child's experience with all institutions -parents must ensure that their child understands plagiarism -that children enter institutions, and institutions have rules

that children enter institutions, and institutions have rules

according to george herbert mead, the "self" consists of two parts: the i and the me. What is the best way to describe the me? -the devil on your shoulder encouraging you to do what you want to do -the cat on your lawn that wants to be petted -the angel on your shoulder reminding you about society's expectations of you -the growling dog behind your neighbor's fence that wants to bite you

the angel on your shoulder reminding you about society's expectations of you