Chapter 4 Quiz

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

Pancreas

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

circulation of blood throughout the body

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the _____ system

circulatory

Iron, calcium, and carbon are

elements.

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

enzyme

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

gallstones

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

hormones

A(n) _____ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

ion

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

lacteals within the villi.

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

learning ways to manage stress effectively

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she

lose excess body fat.

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth.

An _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

organ

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing

peptic ulcers.

Chyme is the

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into

chylomicrons.

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Brain

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is

baking soda.

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth

begin starch digestion

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients.

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

cell