Chapter 4: Skeletal System
Essay Question: Describe the process of appositional growth.
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Essay Question: Discuss the process of endochondral bone formation.
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Essay Question: Explain the steps of bone fracture repair.
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Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of __________________ deficiency.
Vitamin D3
The ORGANIC component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by __________________________.
collagen fibers.
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?
connective tissue
The bony compartment that supports the brain is called the.......
cranium
The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with....
endosteum
The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates....
epiphyseal growth has ended
Narrow sheets of calcified matrix that form concentric rings are referred to as...
lamellae
The bones of the upper arms and thighs are classified as...
long bones
Which of the following curves develop as a child begins to stand and walk?
lumbar
What is a rounded articular process?
Condyle
What is a narrow ridge of bone?
Crest
What is a smooth, nearly flat articular surface?
Facet
Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification?
Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.
A rounded passageway for blood vessels and/or nerves
Foramen
What is a shallow depression called?
Fossa
What is a condition caused by overproduction of growth hormone before puberty?
Gigantism
What is a boney expansion carried on a neck?
Head
What is a canal-like passageway through a bone?
Meatus
What is a painful infection in a bone generally caused by bacteria?
Osteomyelitis
What is slowing of the ossification process due to aging called?
Osteopenia
What is a condition that reduces bone mass causing easy breakage and limiting ability to repair?
Osteoporosis
Projection or bump?
Process
What is a cavity within a bone, filled with air?
Sinus
What is a birth defect caused by failure of vertebral laminae to unite during development causing abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord?
Spina Bifida
What is a pointed process?
Spine
Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue?
calcium phosphate
Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of red bone marrow?
blood cell production
The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue is called...
calcification
Tarsal bones are classified as __________________ bones.
short
Osteocytes......
maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves.
A primary function of the skeletal system is.....
maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in the body fluids
The maxillary bones articulate with all other facial bones except the......
mandible
During the process of _____________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone.
ossification
Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed _____________________.
osteoblasts
Which of the following is found only in compact bone?
osteons
Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are ________________ and __________________.
parathyroid hormone, calcitriol
A compound fracture...
results in bone projecting through the skin
The primary curves of the vertebral column that develop before birth are the.....
thoracic & sacral
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called __________________.
trabeculae
Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to be damaged during CPR?
xiphoid process
