Chapter 4 Smartbook (Hystology)

Which term refers to the step of protein synthesis in which mRNA is used to make protein?

Translation

True or false: Facilitated diffusion is an active process that uses cellular energy to move substances against their concentration gradients.

False

True or false: Osmosis involves the net movement of water down a solute concentration gradient.

False

Which term refers to the passive movement of water across a plasma membrane?

Osmosis

Which organelle manufactures lipids and steroids?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Describe active transport.

Solute is moved up its concentration gradient, using ATP.

Which of the following are found in the cell interior? Select all that apply. a. Desmosomes b. Flagella c. Organelles d. Inclusions e. Cytoskeleton

c. Organelles d. Inclusions e. Cytoskeleton

Which of the following are small granules of RNA and protein that provide a site for protein synthesis? a. Glycoproteins b. Enzymes c. Ribosomes d. Centrioles

c. Ribosomes

The nuclear __________ consists of a pair of membranes enclosing the nucleus, with prominent pores allowing traffic of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

envelope, membrane

Lysosomes are packages of ______.

enzymes

Name the process in which a carrier moves a substance through a cell membrane against its concentration gradient using ATP energy.

Active transport

Which term refers to fine filamentous material found in the nucleus of a cell? It is visible only with the electron microscope and is composed of DNA and associated proteins.

Chromatin

Which term refers to vesicular transport that brings fluid and solutes into the cell?

Endocytosis

Which membrane-bound organelle is the site of protein and lipid synthesis?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Name the process in which a secretory vesicle fuses with a cell membrane and releases its contents into the extracellular space.

Exocytosis

Which type of vesicular transport always releases material from inside a cell to the exterior?

Exocytosis

Which of the following is a type of carrier-mediated transport that moves a solute through a membrane without the use of energy?

Facilitated diffusion

Which term refers to nonliving and nonessential material inside a cell, such as dust particles that have been phagocytized by the cell or stored cellular products like pigments and fat globules?

Inclusions

Proteins are produced by which organelle?

Ribosomes

Which term refers to the net movement of particles down their concentration gradient without the use of energy?

Simple diffusion

Which term refers to the step of protein synthesis in which DNA is used to make mRNA inside the nucleus?

Transcription

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

To synthesize proteins

Solution A has a high solute concentration. Solution B has a low solute concentration. The two solutions are separated by a selective membrane that is permeable to water only. What will happen?

Water will move into solution A via osmosis.

Endoplasmic reticulum is ______.

a system of interconnected channels

Select the functions of the cytoskeleton from the list below. Select all that apply. a. Determines shape of cell b. Organizes cellular contents c. Structural support d. Synthesizes new proteins e. Helps transport substances within cell f. Facilitates movement of solute through the plasma membrane

a. Determines shape of cell b. Organizes cellular contents c. Structural support e. Helps transport substances within cell

Which of the following are types of carrier-mediated transport? a. Facilitated diffusion b. Exocytosis c. Active transport d. Simple diffusion e. Endocytosis

a. Facilitated diffusion c. Active transport

Which of the following can be types of inclusions? Select all that apply. a. Fat globules b. Dust particles c. Glycogen granules d. Mitochondria e. Chromosomes

a. Fat globules b. Dust particles c. Glycogen granules

Which of the following is perforated with pores to allow material to move in and out of the nucleus? a. Nuclear envelope b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum c. Nucleolus d. Endoplasmic reticulum

a. Nuclear envelope

Which term refers to the net movement of particles down their concentration gradient without the use of energy? a. Simple diffusion b. Active transport c. Osmosis d. Facilitated diffusion

a. Simple diffusion

Which term refers to the step of protein synthesis in which DNA is used to make mRNA inside the nucleus? a. Transcription b. Replication c. Modification d. Translation

a. Transcription

Which of the following is the large centrally-located organelle visible with a light microscope? a. Mitochondrion b. Nucleus c. Golgi complex d. Centriole

b. Nucleus

Which mechanisms for moving substances across the plasma membrane require the use of cellular ATP? Select all that apply. a. Multiple select question. b. Vesicular transport c. Facilitated diffusion d. Active transport e. Simple diffusion f. Osmosis

b. Vesicular transport d. Active transport

Mitochondria evolved from...

bacteria

DNA does not exist as a naked double helix in the nucleus of a cell, but is complexed with proteins to form a fine filamentous material called...

chromatin

The general name for the network of structures within the cytoplasm which supports the cell, determines its shape, and participates in movement is the...

cytoskeleton

Facilitated diffusion and active transport examples of which of the following? a. Vesicular transport b. Energy-requiring processes c. Passive transport d. Carrier-mediated transport

d. Carrier-mediated transport

The general term used for all vesicular transport processes that bring extracellular particles or droplets of fluid into the cell is...

endocytosis

The vesicular transport process of discharging material from a cell is called...

exocytosis

Carrier-mediated transport that passively (without ATP) moves a solute down the concentration gradient is called ______ diffusion.

facilitated

Carrier-mediated transport that passively (without ATP) moves a solute down the concentration gradient is called _________ diffusion.

facilitated

The passive process of using a carrier to passively transport a substance through a membrane down its concentration gradient is known as _________ diffusion.

facilitated

A ________ is an information-containing segment of DNA that can be used to make a protein.

gene

Accumulated cell products such as glycogen granules, pigments and fat are types of...

inclusions

In endocytosis, substances move ______ the cell.

into

Choose the organelle involved in ATP synthesis.

mitochondrion

The net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is specifically referred to as...

osmosis

Organelles that read coded genetic messages and assemble amino acids into proteins are called...

ribosomes

The organelle characterized by flat sacs studded with ribosomes is the _______ endoplasmic reticulum.

rough

How does oxygen move from the blood into the body cells?

simple diffusion

Skeletal and cardiac muscle cells contain extensive networks of _______ endoplasmic reticulum that serve to store calcium.

smooth

Which type of endoplasmic reticulum has tubular, branched cisternae, and lacks ribosomes?

smooth