Chapter 4 - Social Perception & Managing Diversity

Stage 2 of Social Perception

Encoding and simplification (interpretation.& categorization) Cognitive Categories: groups of objects that are considered equivalent Schema: represents a person's mental picture or summary of a particular event or type of stimulus

Stage 4 of Social Perception

Retrieval and Response (judgments and decisions)

Stage 1 of Social Perception

Selective Attention/Comprehension Attention: the process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone

Stage 3 of Social Perception

Storage and retention (memory) event memory, semantic memory, person memory

Kelley's Model of Attribution

behavior can be attributed either to internal factors within a person (such as ability) or external factors within the environment (such as a difficult task) 1. consensus: compares an individual's behavior with that or his or her peers - high consensus = someone acts like rest of the group - low consensus = someone acts differently 2. distinctiveness: compares a person's behavior on one task with his or her behavior on other tasks - high distinctiveness = individual performed task in significantly different manner than he/she performed other tasks 3. consistency: judges whether the individual's performance on a given task is consistent - high consistency = person performs a certain task the same way, with little to no variation over time - low consistency = person is unable to perform a certain task at some standard level

Perception

cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings

Fundamental Attribution Bias

reflects our tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics, rather than situational factors > overemphasizing personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others' behavior > leads to inaccurate assessments of performance

Casual Attribution

suspected or inferred causes of behavior

Self-Serving Bias

tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure