Chapter 4 :state of Consciousness

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness? A. cognitive behavioral B. dependent C. evolutionary D. Freudian

C. evolutionary

When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________. A. circadian rhythms B. heterostasis C. homeostasis D. internal-external stimulus

C. homeostasis tendency to maintain balance, or optimal level within biological system

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. A. conscience B. consciousness C. REM sleep D. unconsciousness

B. consciousness awaress of external stimuli: seeing light of sun feeling warmth of room, hearing voice of a friend awareness of internal stimuli: feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, aware of thoughts and emotion.

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity. A. antipsychotic B. depressant C. hallucinogen D. stimulant

B. depressant

________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist. A. cognitive behavioral B. dissociative C. Jungian D. social-cognitive

B. dissociative

Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high? A. feelings of despair B. feelings of intense elation and pleasure C. intense tactile sensation D. time distortion

B. feelings of intense elation and pleasure

Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid? A. coffee B. methadone C. methamphetamine D. nicotine

B. methadone

Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain. A. antipsychotic B. hallucinogen C. opioid D. stimulant

C. opioid

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep. A. night terrors B. non-REM C. NREM D. REM

D. REM rapid eye movement

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________. A. can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist B. report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized C. usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors D. usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

D. usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world. A. circadian B. external C. melatonin D. rhythm

A. circadian is a biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours.

Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________. A. darkness; light B. light; darkness C. pulsing light; steady light D. twilight; gloom

A. darkness; light

While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone. A. hypnosis; meditation B. meditation; hypnosis C. meditation; somnambulism D. somnambulism; meditation

A. hypnosis; meditation

Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences. A. depressant B. hallucinogenic C. opioid D. stimulant

B. hallucinogenic

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? A. crying while asleep B. kicking and punching while asleep C. snoring while asleep D. talking while asleep

B. kicking and punching while asleep

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________. A. insomnia B. narcolepsy C. night terrors D. restless leg syndrome

B. narcolepsy a person with narcolepsy cannot resist falling asleep at inopportune times. These sleep episodes are often associated with cataplexy, which is a lack of muscle tone or muscle weakness, and in some cases involves complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. A. lucid dreaming B. parasomnias C. protoconsciousness D. somnambulism

B. parasomnias 1 group of sleep disorders characterized by unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or durring sleep

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? A. physical dependence B. psychological dependence C. tolerance D. withdrawal

B. psychological dependence emotional rather than physical need for the drug

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the________ content. A. biological B. circadian C. latent D. manifest

C. latent latent content=hidden meaning of a dream

Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming. A. external B. internal C. lucid D. stage 1

C. lucid can control dream/sleep

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness. A. cognizance B. insomnia C. meditation D. narcolepsy

C. meditation

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________. A. physical dependence B. psychological dependence C. tolerance D. withdrawal

C. tolerance is linked to physiological dependence, and it occurs when a person requires more and more drug to achieve effects previously experienced at lower doses.

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism. A. cognitive-behavioral B. dissociative C. hypnotic mediation D. social-cognitive

D. social-cognitive

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. A. antipsychotic B. depressant C. hallucinogen D. stimulant

D. stimulant