Chapter 4: States of Consciousness

Who described the collective unconscious?

Carl Jung

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The brain's clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the pineal nucleus.

The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic."

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.

chronotypes

Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

darkness; light

According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________.

effectively a dissociated state of consciousness

Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

hallucinogenic

Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was induced through ________.

hypnosis

While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.

hypnosis; meditation

In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.

lucid

The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________.

people in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

psychological dependence

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

stimulant

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.

tolerance

People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during stage ________ sleep.

1

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

2

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "States of consciousness do not vary over the course of the day."

Remove the phrase "do not."

Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is false?

She is a Jungian dream analyst.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency."

The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?

It will probably lead to substance abuse.

Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?

Jemma, competing in a marathon