Chapter 4 - System Software (4)

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Desktop OS examples

Windows Microsoft, Windows 8/10 has features to integrate mobile and tablet systems; MacOS first to use GUI, now OSX, first one wasn't user friendly

examples of stand alone operating system

Windows, Apple OSX

virtualization

ability to support multiple operating systems on a single physical machine

use of device drivers

allows communication between a device and the computer, loaded into memory each time a computer is started, when a new device is added, new device drivers must be installed

popular mobile OS's

android google, blackberry os, fireos amazon, iOS apple, windows phone microsoft

BIOS

basic input/output system

popular utility suites

bit defender, norton utilities, zone alarm

cold boot

booting up when the power was originally off

warm boot

booting up when the power was originally on, known as rebooting

utility suites

combine several programs into one package, less expensive

operating system - provides user interface - 3 types

command line interface, menu driven interface, graphical user interface

operating systems

coordinate computer resources, collection of programs that handles technical tasks

operating system - manages computer resources

coordinate memory, processing, storage, printers, and monitors; monitor system performance; schedule tasks; provide security; start up the computer

language translators

coverts programming instructions into language computers can process

device drivers

designed to allow input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system

UNIX

designed to run on minicomputers in network environments, gave you much more control on the computer, bases for other OS included chrome

other names for stand alone operating system

desktop, client-operating system

DOS

disk operating system

virtualization software

each virtual machine appears as a separate independent computer, has a host OS and a guest OS

Mobile OS

embedded operating system in every smartphone

3 categories of operating systems

embedded, network operating systems, and stand-alone

multitasking

execute two or more applications running simultaneously (foreground and background applications)

system software

handles the technical details, keeps users from having to interact directly with hardware

three main uses of operating systems

manage resources, provide user interface, and run applications

multiprocessing

multiple CPU's running at the same time

operating system - runs applications - 3 types

multitasking, multiuser, multiprocessing

Linux

open source operating system created by Linus Torvalds

function of a DOS

operating system for IBM compatible PC's, introduced in 1981

4 types of system software

operating systems, utilities, device drivers, language translators

utilities

perform special tasks related to managing computer resources, designed to make computing easier

booting

process of starting or restarting a computer; computer runs a set of instructions called BIOS stored on ROM to load operating system

ROM

read only memory

examples of embedded operating system

smartphones, cable TV tuner boxes, video game systems

another name for operating systems

software environment/platform

graphical user interface (GUI)

the user point to icons with the mouse

menu-driven interface

the user selects options from a menu typically using the arrow and enter keys

command-line interface

the user types keywords/commands after a prompt

examples of utilities

troubleshooting, antivirus/internet security, backup, file compression, disk cleanup, disk defragmenter, uninstaller, file viewers, screensavers

multiuser

two or more users run the same program, usually happens on a network

network operating system

windows server, linux, unix, OS stored on network server which coordinates all communication between the other computers


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