Chapter 4 - The Musculoskeletal System - Orthopedics

List, from top to bottom, the sections of the spine (vertebral column).

1. cervical 2. thoracic 3. lumbar 4. sacral

Identify three terms that are used for bone pain generally (NOT referring to a specific bone).

Ostalgia, Osteodynia, Ostealgia

The term ___ is used to describe the widening of a joint to move parts away from the body, while the term ___ means the exact opposite, i.e. bringing parts toward the body.

abduction, adduction

Match each disease affecting cartilage with its definition.

achondroplasia = defective cartilage formation chondroma = tumor-like growth of cartilage tissue chondromalacia = softening of the cartilage costochondritis = inflammation of rib cartilage

Tarsitis means inflammation of the:

ankle

Match each medical language term/combining form with its definition.

ankylodactly = stiff fingers ataxia = inability to move dystonia = lack of muscle strength kinesiology = study of movement

When the vertebrae become stiff and inflamed, the resulting disease is called:

ankylosing spondylitis

A drug that opposes joint inflammation is called an:

antiarthritic

The suffix -ectomy means removal. Match each medical term for removal of part of a joint with its definition.

arthrectomy = removal of a joint (the entire joint) bursectomy = removal of a bursa chondrectomy = removal of cartilage

Inflammation of a joint is called:

arthritis

When a joint herniates, it is call a(n):

arthrocele

A visual record of a join is termed a(n):

arthrogram

Underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue is termed:

atrophy

Which of the following muscles belong to the upper extremity (shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand)?

biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid

Match each medical term with its definition.

bradykinesia = slow movement dyskinesia = inability to control movement hyperkinesia = increase in muscle movement hypokinesia = decrease in muscle movement

Removal of a fluid-filled sac near a joint is called:

bursectomy

The medical term for a stone in a small fluid-filled sac found near a joint is:

bursolith

In the abbreviations ACL and PCL used for the knee joint, the last two letters stand for:

cruciate ligaments

The suffix -itis means inflammation. Match each medical term with the location of inflammation.

dactylitis = finger inflammation osteitis = bone inflammation osteochondritis = bone and cartilage inflammation osteomyelitis = bone and bone marrow inflammation

The location of bone development is called the:

epiphyseal plate

The use of casts, splints, and stabilizers to hold a fractured bone in place from the outside is called:

external fixation

Match each medical language root/combining form with its definition.

fasci/o = fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together my/o = muscle ten/o = tendon

Match each term for treatments and therapies of fascia with its description.

fasciectomy = removal of fascia fasciodesis = binding of fascia fascioplasty = reconstruction of fascia fasciorrhaphy = suturing of fascia fasciotomy = incision into fascia

Match each medical term with the description of the bone disease.

hypertrophic spondylitis = overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation osteogenesis imperfecta = brittle bone disease; a disease in which bones do not develop correctly osteomalacia = softening of the bone osteopenia = reduction in bone volume osteoporosis = loss of bone density

The use of screws, pins, and plates to hold a fractured bone in place from the inside is called:

internal fixation

In the terms of genu valgum and genu varum, genu refers to the:

knee

A "humped back" or abnormal curvature of the upper spine is called:

kyphosis

A "sway back" or abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine is called:

lordosis

Match each disease with its description.

muscular dystrophy = poor muscle development myoclonus = violent muscle contractions myopathy = muscle disease (type not specified) myasthenia = muscle weakness myosarcoma = cancerous muscle tumor tardive dyskinesia = loss of muscle control

Match each term for treatments and therapies of muscle with its description.

myectomy = removal of muscle myodesis = binding of muscle myomectomy = removal of a muscle tumor myoplasty = reconstruction of muscle myorrhaphy = suturing of muscle myotomy = incision into muscle

Match each combining form my/o and suffix with the correct meaning as it relates to muscle.

myo/cele = hernia myo/lysis = loss myo/malacia = softening myo/tasis = stretching myo/tonia = tone

The suffix -itis means inflammation. Match each medical term with the location of inflammation.

myofasciitis = inflammation of muscle and fascia myositis = muscle inflammation (cause and location not specified) necrotizing fasciitis = inflammation of the fascia with death of tissue polymyositis = inflammation of multiple muscles

When the spinal canal narrows abnormally, the condition is called:

spinal stenosis

Partial dislocation of a joint is called:

subluxation

The suffix -itis means inflammation. Spondylitis is the inflammation of the:

vertebrae

Place the abbreviations in the proper order, starting with the superior (topmost) set.

1. C1-C7 2. T1-T12 3. L1-L5 4. S1-S5

___ hold bone to bone at joints.

Ligaments

The area in the wrist where the nerves enter the hand is called the:

carpal tunnel

Returning broken or displaced bones to their proper position without surgery is called:

closed reduction

Identify bones that belong to the upper extremity (arm, forearm, wrist, and hand).

humerus, ulna, carpus, radius

Returning broken or displaced bones to their proper position through the use of surgery is called:

open reduction

Identify the terms that mean removal of a bone.

osteectomy, ostectomy

Match each medical term with its definition.

osteodystrophy = poor bone development osteolysis = bone loss osteonecrosis = bone death osteosclerosis = abnormal hardening of bone

Match each medical term with its definition.

osteometry = procedure for measuring bone arthroscope = instrument for looking in a joint arthroscopy = procedure of looking into a joint electromyogram = a record of the electrical activity of the muscle

Match each medical term with its definition.

polydactyl = more than the normal number of fingers or toes spondylitis = vertebra inflammation spondylomalacia = softening of the vertebrae syndactyly = fusion of the fingers or toes

The difference between a craniotomy and a craniectomy is that in a craniotomy, the piece of skull is:

replaced after it is removed

The suffix -ectomy means surgical removal. Costectomy means surgical removal of a:

rib

Identify the terms that mean removal of a tendon.

tendectomy, tenonectomy

The word for tendon inflammation has multiple correct spellings. Choose all that are correct.

tendonitis, tendinitis

Identify the terms that mean reconstruction of a tendon.

tendoplasty, tenoplasty