Chapter 4: Tissues
What is in the center of an osteon?
Vessels, veins, and nerves
What are white blood cells?
the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
What is epithelial tissue naming based on?
1. Number of layers 2. Shape of the cell
Functions of the integumentary system.
1. Protection/defense 2. Regulation of body temperature (sweating and goose-bumps) 3. Help synthesize "vitamin D" 4. Sensory reception
Name three types of muscle tissues.
1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth
Name two types of of bones tissue
1. Spongy 2. Compact
What do squamous cells look like?
Thin flat cells composed of one layer or may possess multiple layers
What causes different skin colors that we see in humans?
How much melanin one person has determines what color they will be.
Where is apidose found?
Hypodermis
Where is nervous tissue found?
Hypodermis
What are the functions of the hypodermis?
1. Anchors skin 2. Acts as a cushion and an insulator
Name the signs of skin cancer to look for on your skin.
1. Asymmetry 2. Border irregularity 3. Color 4. Diameter 5. Evolution- there is a change in size, shape, symptoms such as tenderness or itching, bleeding, or color of a mole.
Name four types of specialized connective tissues.
1. Blood 2. Bone 3. Cartilage 4. Apidose
Name three places epithelial tissue is found.
1. Coverings 2. Glands 3. Linings
Name the skins two major layers and the layer that lies just below the skin and there tissue types.
1. Epidermis- epithelial and very thin 2. Dermis- connective tissue and thick 3. Hypodermis- connective tissue
Name the four main tissue types founding the body.
1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Nervous 4. Muscle
Name two types of connective tissue
1. Fibrous 2. Specialized
What are some ways that the sun damages the skin and its cells?
1. It damages the DNA (cancer) 2. It damages the fibers in the dermis (wrinkles) 3. First degree burn
What cells make up majority of the epidermis?
1. Keratin 2. Keratinocytes 3. Melanocytes
What are chondrocytes?
A cell that has secreted the matrix of a cartilage and become embedded in it
What is an organ?
A part of an organism that is typically self contained and has specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans.
What are neurons?
A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulse; a nerve cell
Which skin cancer is the most common?
Basal cell carcinoma
What is a tissue?
Cells that are similar working toward a common function, consisting of specialized cells and their products.
What type of matrix is found in cartilage?
Collagenous extracellular matrix
What are platelets?
Colorless blood cells that help blood clot, thy stop bleeding by clumping and coming plugs in blood vessel injuries.
How is connective tissue arranged differently from epithelial tissue?
Connective tissue is scattered in the matrix and is surrounded by blood capillaries. Epithelial is arranged in one or more layers and is not surrounded by blood capillaries.
What do cubodial cells look like?
Cube-like shape, their width is approximately equal to their height.
Why is it important that junctions between epithelial cells are tightly joined by proteins?
Tight junctions form the closest contact between adjacent cells know in nature.
What causes the patterns we see on the tips of our fingers that result in fingerprints?
Dermal ridge at the top of the dermis
Where is muscle tissue found?
Dermis
Where is connective tissue found?
Dermis & Hypodermis
Where does skin cancer originate?
Epidermis
Where is epithelial tissue found?
Epidermis
What do melanocytes do and in what layer are they found?
Found in the epidermis and they form melanin which gives people their skin color.
What are osteocytes?
Mature cells
Which skin cancer is the most deadly?
Melanoma
What type of matrix is found in bone?
Mineralized matrix
What does stratified refer to in relation to epithelial tissue?
Multi-layered
What does simple refer to in relation to epithelial tissue?
One layered
What resides in the caves of an osteon?
Osteocytes & a nucleus
What type of matrix is found in blood?
Plasma
What is the integumentary system.
The organ system that protects the body from various kinds of damage. The system comprises the skins and its appendages.
What is the largest organ in the human body?
Skin
What are red blood cells?
Takes up oxygen to places where needed.
What do columnar cells look like?
Tall and arranged like pillars and are found in the lining of the intestine.
Where are most of the structures such as blood vessels, nerves, and glands found in the skin?
The dermis
Does the dermis have a blood supply?
The dermis does have a blood supply.
Does the epidermis have a blood supply?
The epidermis does not have a blood supply
What is an osteon?
The fundamental unit of much compact bone.
