Chapter 40 Quiz

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the A) cell body. B) synaptic terminals. C) axonal region. D) dendritic region. E) synapse.

A) cell body.

Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate measure of an animal's basal metabolic rate. The best time to measure the metabolic rate is when the animal A) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. B) is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. C) has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. D) has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. E) has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise.

A) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day.

When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will A) dilate the blood vessels in their large ears to transfer more body heat to the environment. B) constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears. C) increase motor movements to find a sunny area to maximize heat transfer into their bodies. D) increase pigmentation in their ears, darkening them to maximize their capacity to take up heat. E) begin involuntary shivering of their skeletal muscles in order to generate more metabolic heat.

B) constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears.

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has A) less surface area. B) less surface area per unit of volume. C) the same surface-to-volume ratio. D) a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen. E) a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio.

B) less surface area per unit of volume.

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by A) cardiac muscle. B) smooth muscle. C) voluntary muscle. D) striated muscle. E) skeletal muscle.

B) smooth muscle.

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by A) the respiratory system. B) the endocrine system. C) the immune and lymphatic systems. D) the integumentary system. E) the excretory system.

B) the endocrine system.

Hibernation and estivation during seasons of environmental stress are both examples of A) acclimatization. B) torpor. C) evaporative cooling. D) nonshivering thermogenesis. E) shivering thermogenesis.

B) torpor.

For adult human females, the metabolic "costs" of pregnancy and lactation are A) 100-125% more than when she was nonpregnant. B) 30-40% more than when she was nonpregnant. C) 5-8% more than when she was nonpregnant. D) 10-20% less than when she was nonpregnant. E) 30-40% less than when she was nonpregnant.

C) 5-8% more than when she was nonpregnant.

Which choice best describes a reasonable mechanism for animal structures becoming better suited over evolutionary time to specific functions? A) Animals that eat the most food become the most abundant. B) Animals that restrict their food intake will become less abundant. C) Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant. D) Animals with inventions that curtail reproduction will become more abundant. E) Animals with parents that continually improve their offspring's structures will become more abundant.

C) Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant.

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm? A) You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm. B) You know that it is an ectotherm because it is not a bird or mammal. C) You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm. D) You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm. E) You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm.

C) You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.

Most types of communication between cells utilize A) the exchange of cytosol between the cells. B) a direct electrical connection between the cells. C) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. D) the exchange of DNA between the cells. E) the movement of the cells.

C) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message.

Positive feedback has occurred when A) an increase in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that stimulates the movement of sugar out of the blood. B) a decrease in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose. C) uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in its mother's uterus. D) an increase in calcium concentration increases the secretion of a hormone that promotes the storage of calcium in bone. E) a decrease in blood calcium increases the amount of the hormone that causes the release of calcium from bone.

C) uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in its mother's uterus.

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with A) connective tissue. B) smooth muscle cells. C) neural tissue. D) epithelial tissue. E) adipose tissue.

D) epithelial tissue.

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of A) conduction. B) convection. C) radiation. D) evaporation. E) metabolism.

D) evaporation.

Interstitial fluid is A) the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. B) the internal environment inside animal cells. C) identical to the composition of blood. D) the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. E) found only in the lumen of the small intestine.

D) the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells.

All animals, whether large or small, have A) an external body surface that is dry. B) a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac. C) a body surface covered with hair to keep them warm. D) the ability to enter dormancy when resources become scarce. E) each living cell in contact with an aqueous medium.

E) each living cell in contact with an aqueous medium.

The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipates excess heat by A) countercurrent exchange. B) acclimation. C) vasoconstriction. D) hibernation. E) evaporation.

E) evaporation.

The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the A) smooth muscles. B) adipose tissue. C) endocrine system. D) intercalated disks. E) glial cells.

E) glial cells.

A female Burmese python incubating her eggs can warm them using A) acclimatization. B) torpor. C) evaporative cooling. D) nonshivering thermogenesis. E) shivering thermogenesis.

E) shivering thermogenesis.

A moth preparing for flight on a cold morning warms its flight muscles via A) acclimatization. B) torpor. C) evaporative cooling. D) nonshivering thermogenesis. E) shivering thermogenesis.

E) shivering thermogenesis.