Chapter 40 Test Review

Which statement by the nurse correctly explains visual accommodation to the patient?

"You are unable to focus on near or far objects."

The nurse advises an older adult patient to take antacids 1 to 2 hours before or after other medications. Which age-related change regarding older adults explains this advice?

They produce less gastric acid.

Which problem with regard to sexuality is seen in older female patients? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Vaginal wall thinning and dryness Increased risk for tearing of vaginal mucosa Dyspareunia

What does oxybutynin chloride do?

has an antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle to relieve symptoms of overactive bladder -provides relief of bladder instability

The nurse is explaining the benefits of exercise to older adults. Which statement by an older adult indicates effective learning? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

"Exercise reduces stress." "Exercise increases muscle tone." "Exercise improves joint flexibility."

The nurse is demonstrating the techniques of tai chi to older adults at a community center. Which statement by an older adult regarding tai chi indicates effective learning?

"Tai chi helps improve balance."

Which recommendation is the calcium requirement for women older than 51 years of age?

1200 mg/day

Which statement correctly defines glaucoma in older adults?

Accumulation of fluid inside the eye that exerts pressure on the optic nerve

Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra, Revatio)

Agent for Erectile Dysfunction

Digoxin (Lanoxin, Digitek)

Anti-arrhythmic; Cardiac Glycoside

Use for Metformin (Glucophage)

Anti-diabetic

Which advice would the nurse give to the caregiver of an older adult patient during a home assessment to minimize the risk for fall? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Avoiding loose-fitting clothing Installing a grab rail in the bath Using antiglare fluorescent lighting

Which intervention can be applied to prevent a fall in older adults?

Avoiding the use of long and loose-fitting clothes

Which non-pharmacologic intervention for urinary incontinence has been found to be of benefit in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Bladder retraining Prompted voiding Timed voiding Using condom catheters in men

Which change in an older adult patient indicates the effect of age on the integumentary system?

Decreased muscle mass Uneven skin pigmentation

Which factor contributes to reduced endurance in older adults?

Decreased muscle strength

Which age-related change affects drug responses in older adults?

Decreased number of functioning nephrons

Which recommendation would the nurse include in the teaching plan for self-medication practices of older adults?

Develop a drug reminder system and schedule.

A 76-year-old female patient reports significant discomfort while having sex with her partner. Which term would the nurse use to document the patient's report?

Dyspareunia

Which nursing intervention would be appropriate for an older adult patient with constipation?

Encouraging bran cereal or whole-grain breads

The nurse is visiting the home of an older adult to identify the risk for falls. Which environmental factor may contribute to the risk for falls?

Footwear of the patient

Which symptom would the nurse most likely find in a patient with presbycusis?

Impaired ability to hear high-pitched sounds

Which factor contributes to deficient eye care in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Inadequate income for eye care Diabetes mellitus Long-term steroid use

Which physiologic change in the cardiovascular system is commonly associated with aging?

Increased stiffness of the heart muscle and blood vessels

Which condition may result from weakening of the perineal and bladder muscles?

Involuntary release of urine

In a long-term care setting, which nursing intervention would help a patient with dysphagia avoid aspiration? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Keeping the patient in the high Fowler position during feeding Instructing the patient to keep the chin tucked in while swallowing Feeding very small amounts of food at a single time Keeping the patient in an upright position for 45 to 60 minutes after eating

The nurse who cares for older adults understands that patients may be affected by which age-related eye change?

Macular degeneration

When used for the prevention of osteoporosis, which therapy has potential side effects of increased risk for breast cancer, blood clots, and stroke?

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)

The student nurse is listing the common physiologic changes related to the endocrine system in older adults. Which change can be seen exclusively in females?

Menopause

An older adult female patient suffers from urinary incontinence. Which drug would the nurse anticipate the primary health care provider will prescribe for this patient?

Oxybutynin chloride

Which nursing intervention is most important in preventing polypharmacy?

Obtaining a thorough medication history

Which factor contributes to immobility and altered activity tolerance in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Poor circulation Poor oxygenation

Which factor contributes to immobility and altered activity tolerance in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Poor circulation Poor oxygenation

Which extrinsic factor increases the risk for falls among older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Poor lighting Inappropriate footwear Improper use of assistive devices The unfamiliar environment of a hospital room

Which factor in the environment increases the risk for fall in older adults? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Poor lighting Improper footwear Scatter rugs

Which intervention would the nurse implement to reduce the risk for falls in an older adult patient with orthostatic hypertension?

Reminding the patient to change positions slowly

Which factor intensifies presbycusis in older adults?

Presence of background noise

Which intervention would be recommended to maintain functional independence in older adults?

Strength training with a resistance device

Which solution, when applied to the skin, limits vitamin D production on exposure to sunlight?

Sunscreen

The nurse is arranging the room for a patient who has low vision. Which item may be kept in the patient's room? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Talking books Telescopic lenses Large-print books

An older adult is suffering from age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Which symptom would the nurse expect in this patient?

The patient loses acute, central, and color vision.

An older adult patient reports ringing in the ears. Which term would the nurse use to report this condition to the patient's primary health care provider?

Tinnitus

For which reason would the nurse ask an older adult patient to drink fluids before oral administration of tablets or capsules?

To moisten the mouth

Which change in an older adult patient indicates the effect of age on the integumentary system?

Uneven skin pigmentation

Which physiologic change associated with aging would the nurse expect to see in a patient's integumentary system? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Wrinkles on the face and neck Thinning and graying of the hair Uneven pigmentation of the skin

What is presbycusis?

age-related hearing loss, high frequencies lost first

What is tinnitus?

ringing or buzzing in the ears

What is orthostatic hypertension?

sudden increase in blood pressure when a person stands up

What is polypharmacy?

the simultaneous use of multiple drugs to treat a single ailment or condition