Chapter 41: Management of Patients with Intestinal and Rectal Disor
The nurse is teaching a client with an ostomy how to change the pouching system. Which information should the nurse include when teaching a client with no peristomal skin irritation?
Dry skin thoroughly after washing
A nurse is caring for a client with constipation whose primary provider has recommended senna for the management of this condition. The nurse should provide which of the following education points?
"Avoid taking the drug on a long-term basis."
A client is readmitted with an exacerbation of celiac disease 2 weeks after discharge. Which statement by the client indicates the need for a dietary consult?
"I didn't eat anything I shouldn't have; I just ate roast beef on rye bread."
A nurse is teaching an older adult client about good bowel habits. Which statement by the client indicates to the nurse that additional teaching is required?
"I need to use laxatives regularly to prevent constipation."
The nurse is performing an abdominal assessment for a patient with diarrhea and auscultates a loud rumbling sound in the left lower quadrant. What will the nurse document this sound as on the nurse's notes?
Borborygmus
The nurse is irrigating a client's colostomy when the client begins to report cramping. What is the appropriate action by the nurse?
Clamp the tubing and allow client to rest.
Which statement provides accurate information regarding cancer of the colon and rectum?
Colorectal cancer is the third most common site of cancer in the United States.
A nurse is applying an ostomy appliance to the ileostomy of a client with ulcerative colitis. Which action is appropriate?
Gently washing the area surrounding the stoma using a facecloth and mild soap
A patient visited a nurse practitioner because he had diarrhea for 2 weeks. He described his stool as large and greasy. The nurse knows that this description is consistent with a diagnosis of:
Intestinal malabsorption.
A patient with irritable bowel syndrome has been having more frequent symptoms lately and is not sure what lifestyle changes may have occurred. What suggestion can the nurse provide to identify a trigger for the symptoms?
Keep a 1- to 2-week symptom and food diary to identify food triggers
Vomiting results in which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Metabolic alkalosis
Celiac disease (celiac sprue) is an example of which category of malabsorption?
Mucosal disorders causing generalized malabsorption
A nurse is interviewing a client about past medical history. Which preexisting condition may lead the nurse to suspect that a client has colorectal cancer?
Polyps
A client tells the nurse, "I am not having normal bowel movements." When differentiating between what are normal and abnormal bowel habits, what indicators are the most important?
The consistency of stool and comfort when passing stool
The nurse is assessing a client for constipation. Which factor should the nurse review first to identify the cause of constipation?
Usual pattern of elimination
A resident at a long-term care facility lost the ability to swallow following a stroke 4 years ago. The client receives nutrition via a PEG tube, has adapted well to the tube feedings, and remains physically and socially active. Occasionally, the client develops constipation that requires administration of a laxative to restore regular bowel function. What is the most likely cause of this client's constipation?
lack of free water intake
A nurse is teaching a group of adults about screening and prevention of colorectal cancer. The nurse should describe which of the following as the most common sign of possible colon cancer?
Change in bowel habits
A client with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis is awaiting surgical intervention. The nurse listens to bowel sounds and hears none and observes that the abdomen is rigid and board-like. What complication does the nurse determine may be occurring at this time?
Peritonitis
Post appendectomy, a nurse should assess the patient for abdominal rigidity and tenderness, fever, loss of bowel sounds, and tachycardia, all clinical signs of:
Peritonitis
A client who has undergone colostomy surgery is experiencing constipation. Which intervention should a nurse consider for such a client?
Suggest fluid intake of at least 2 L/day
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group of older adults about colon cancer. What would the nurse include as the primary characteristic associated with this disorder?
A change in bowel habits
When preparing a client for surgery to treat appendicitis, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection related to inflammation, perforation, and surgery. What is the rationale for choosing this nursing diagnosis?
Obstruction of the appendix reduces arterial flow, leading to ischemia, inflammation, and rupture of the appendix.
The nurse is monitoring a client's postoperative course after an appendectomy. The nurse's assessment reveals that the client has vomited, has abdominal tenderness and rigidity, and has tachycardia. The nurse reports to the physician that the client has signs/symptoms of which complication?
Peritonitis
Which category of laxatives draws water into the intestines by osmosis
Saline agents (e.g., magnesium hydroxide)
A longitudinal tear or ulceration in the lining of the anal canal is termed a(n):
anal fissure.
An older adult client in a long-term care facility is concerned about bowel regularity. During a client education session, the nurse reinforces the medically acceptable definition of "regularity." What is the actual measurement of "regular"?
stool consistency and client comfort