Chapter 4.2 and 4.3 Quiz.

ch4.4: What were some of the British losses?

George Washington and Nathanael Greene to go towards the south to harass Cornwallis as he withdrew from the Battle. The soldiers were divided into two groups. When Both of these forces met each other at a chase through the country side, the British thought that they would flee, but the americans fought back. This forced the British to surrender. -In another battle since Cornwallis was furiated, he attacked him back but as he was doing this, he lost many people from his troops.

ch4.2: who was George Washington?

He became the new commander of the army.

ch4.3-The ordeal at valley forge-who was Albigenese Waldo?

He worked as a surgeon at Valley forge outside of philedalphia.

ch4.2-The Olive Branch Petition: what did the olive branch petition contain?

I said how they should return to a time when it was peaceful between Britain and the colonies.

ch4.4 who was Fredrich von stueben and what did he do for colonial soldiers?

In 1778, he volunteered his services to General Washington, and taught colonial soldiers many things such as - how i stand at attention, -how to do field movements that require skill - how to fire and reload quickly -how to use a bayonet. Due to these skills taught by Fredrich Von Stueben, this Raw continental army(colonial soldiers)became a better fighting force.

ch4.2: Common sense-what was this?

A 50 page pamphlet written by a colonist

ch4.2 Taking sides-Who did the African Americans support/what did they believe in?

African Americans fought on the patriots side, and others joined loyalists because the British promised them freedom to slaves that would fight for the crown.

ch4.2declaration of independence: what happened on JUly, 2, 1776?

All delegates agreed that the american colonies were free, and the declaration of independence

ch4.3 the fight for philadelphia: what happened during this event/What did General Howe want to do?

General Howe wanted to seize the American Capital at philadelphia. troops sailed into new york near chesapeake bay, and landed there in august. The continental congress left the city, and Washington's troops unsuccessfully blocked the redcoats near brandywine creek. British were successful in capturing philadelphia.

ch4.2-The Olive Branch Petition: what happened before it started?

During july, the 2nd continental congress was getting the colonists ready for war, but they were still hoping for peace. Most of the colonists felt loyal to George III, and blamed on these bloody battles on the king's ministers.

ch4.3: victory at saratoga: what exactly happened during this event?

During this event, the continental congress decided that General Horatio gates should command the Northern Department of the continental army. Gates gathered men from new york and England. Burgoyne's forces clashed with the Americans. Burgoyne did not realize that Howe was preoccupied because he was currently conquering and occupying philedelphia and wasn't coming to meet him. Many american troops surrounded Burgoyne, where Howe surrendered his army to General Gates on October 17, 1777. After this, the British started keeping their troops along the coast, with guns nearby.

ch4.3 winter at valley forge: what was going on during this winter?

During this winter, the British were controlling new york and parts of England.

4.3-defeat in new york: when did the battle end and what was the end result?

The battle ended in late august 1776. George Washington's troops were moved to Pennsylvania, and his men were either deserted, killed, or captured. The terms of enlistment was due by december 31st, and Washington knew he needed a victory or else his men would leave.

Ch4.2: what was the cause of the 2nd continental congress

The cause of the 2nd continental congress was mainly caused by the different loyalties that divided the colonists.

ch4.3 after the victory at saratoga: what was the result of the victory at saratoga?

The french started to trust the american army, and now france agrees to support the revolution. Also, the french signed a treaty of cooperation with the americans in 1778.

ch4.2-The Olive Branch Petition: was the petition successful?

It was not successful because the King rejected it, and he issued a public announcement saying that the colonies were rebelling(going against) and tried to persuade the parliament to order a navy blockage of the American coast.

Ch4.2: who was John Adams?

John Adams was a man that thought of a plan where each colony could set up their own government and that the congress can declare the colonies independence. John Adams also thought that the congress should consider the militamen surrounding them, which will force them to surrender. But, John Dickinson disagreed with this.

ch4.2 declaration of independence: when was the declaration of independence adopted?

July 4, 1776

ch4.2-The Olive Branch Petition: what day was the olive branch petition sent to the king?

July 8, 1775

Ch 4.2: When was the 2nd continental congress formed?

May 1775

ch4.3 saratoga: which general suggested a type of plan and what was this plan exactly?

One of Howe's Generals named General John Borgoyne suggested a plan that involved both of them joining forces to isolate new england and the rest of the co;pmoes

4.3-The battle of trenton; what happened two days later?

Washington had another victory two days later, against 12000 British soldiers in princeton. Washington marched his army into new jersey, due to the encouragement from other victories.

4.3-The defeat in new york: who lead this defeat?

William Howe and Admiral Richard Howe

4.3-defeat in new york: what happened during this event?

William howe and Admiral Richard Howe went into new york harbor with 32,000 soldiers. Washington got 23,000 men to defend new york, but his troop was outnumbered and not well trained

ch4.2: Declaration of Independence

a declaration that explained the colonists' actions, and many points were made in it

ch4.3 victory at saratoga: how many people did Burgoyne take?

he took 4,000 redcoats, 3,000 mercenaries, and 1,000 mohawiks.

ch4.3 winter at valley forge: what were the conditions like for George Washington's troops(colonists/americans)?

his troops struggled, and suffered from frostbite.Due to these horrible conditions, Washington and his friends sent many letters to the congress about the suffering of him and his men.

ch4.3-who was General Washington>

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ch4.2-Americans choose sides-What were those people called who weren't on either side?

neutral.

4.3-The Battle of Trenton-when did it occur?

on christmas night, in 1776

4.3-who was Admiral Richard Howe?

on the british side

4.3-who was william howe?

on the british side

ch4.3: civilians at war-what affected the citizens?

the demand of war.

ch4.3 after the victory at saratoga: what did the treaty that the french signed with the americans include?

the treaty included one term that said that france couldn't make peace with Britian unless Britian started to recognize american independence.

ch4.3: civilians at war: where did african americans escape to freedom?

they either went to cities, frotier, or by joining a native american tribe.

ch4.3 colonial life during revolution-what other types of problems were there/what are some ways they tried to gain back money?

they gained some back by selling bonds to american investors and foreign governments, especially france. Printed money called continentals was printed also. But prices raised as more money was being printed. -there was trouble giving armies all of the weapons that they needed. To solve this, some of the Americans had to smuggle arms from europe, and the government officials started selling scarce products.

ch4.3 civilians at war: what did the native americans do?

they remained on the fringes of revolution, while others fought for the British and remained apart from the conflict.

ch4.3 after the victory at saratoga: what did the french secretly do?

they secretly sent weapons to the British

ch4.2 Americans choose sides-what are loyalists?

those are the people who are against independence, and they remained loyal to the crown. Many people changed sides as the war progressed, and many ordinary people were loyalists. Also, some people were almost forced to be loyalists because they were afraid that the British was going to win the war, and they wanted to avoid punishment.

4.3-The Battle of trenton-what events occurred during this battle?

washington lead 2,400 men in low boats across the choked delaware river. The men marched 9 miles through sleet and snow to new jersey, where the Hessians were in charge. Since the hessians were drunk that night and didn't get much sleep, americans were able to kill 30 of these people, were able to hold 90 captive, and took 6 of their cannons.

ch4.3: colonial life during revolution:financial problems -who were Robert Morris and Haym Soloman?

were both put in charge as superintendent of finance in 1781.

ch4.3 civilians at war: how many african americans served in the continental army?

5,000, and this really impressed the white Americans.

ch4.3-Colonial life during revolution: what caused financial problems?

Congress ran out of silver and gold

ch4.2 declaration of independence: what was included in the first draft?

Thomas Jefferson included how there was cruelty in slave trade, but since south carolina and Georgia depended on slavery, Jefferson had to take that part out.

ch4.2: Declaration of Independence-Who wrote it?

Thomas Jefferson was chosen to express these points

ch4.2: who was the common sense written by?

Thomas Paine

ch4.4:What happened while the British were in the south?

-1778: one of their expeditions took savannah and georgia. 1779: a royal governor now commanded Georgia again. 1780: General Henry Clinton and Charles Cornwallis went south with 8,500 men. One of their greatest victories during the war was when they captured charles town from south carolina. 1780:They march 5,00 American soldiers off as prisoners from war. -When Clinton left for ny, Cornwallis had to command the British forces in the south and to conquer South and North Carolina, and Cornwallis was successful in this. -When the redcoats advances, they were joined by African Americans who had escaped from Patriot slave owners to join the Britian and win their freedom. -Within three months, the British made forts around the state. -When Cornwallis and his force got to North Carolina, Patriotes attacked them and cut off any way that the British were able to communicate with each other. -This harrassment force the British to retreat.

ch4.4 who was Marquis de lafayette?

-20 year old french aristocrat. -He was a military leader, and he also helped Fredrich Von Steuben with this. -He joined Washington's staff, and tried influencing the french reinforcements in France in 1779 -led a command in virginia in the last years of war.

ch4.3: civilians at war: what did woman citizens decide to do while their husbands went to war?

-They usually manages all the farms, stoops, and their families. -others made supplies of silver -Some of the women followed their husbands to the battle, where they would wash, mend, and cook for the troops. -If the women decided to go to the battle, many of them risked their lives in combat

ch4.2-Declaration of independence: what things were mentioned?

-included how many people wanted to have many rights -how the government obtained their powers from the consent of the people, which gave people the right to change or put an end to any government that threatened their unalienable rights -mentioned how they wanted to install a government who would uphold these principles. -American colonies declared their independence from Britain, listing ways the British king had violated the rights that could not be taken away from the americans. -it also states that all men are created equal, which expressed how many people believed that free citizens were political equals. What this meant was that everyone should be created equal, even women

ch4.4: what happened when the British moved south?

-they changed their military strategy by moving their plans south -The British hoped to gain Loyalist support there, and hoped to get back their former colonies in the region, then slowly fight their way back north.

ch4.4 The American revolution has just ended, and the americans won.

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ch4.3 the fight for philadelphia: when did this occur?

1777

ch4.3 winter at valley forge: what were the conditions like for the British?

British troops were comfortable during this winter

Ch4.2-Battle of Bunker Hill: What happened at this battle?

The British General Thomas Gage wanted to strike at the colonists on Breed's Hill,l so he sent out 2,400 British troops. When the British started marching up to Breed's Hill, the colonists started firing at the British troops. The British and colonists that were left alive kept fighting and attacking each other. Colonists lost 450 men, and the British suffered 1,000 injuries when the battle was over. This battle was known as the deadliest battle of the war.

ch4.3-The ordeal at valley forge: what else happens?

The British retreats from boston in 1776, and this is when the war moved to the middle states. The British start thinking about seizing new york city to stop all of the rebellion, and they are planning on isolating new england.

ch4.3-The ordeal at valley forge-what were the conditions like for each of the sides?

The British troops had shelter, while but the patriots were in the freezing cold under huts, which shows that living conditions were worse for the patriots.

ch4.2Taking sides- what were the two wars?

The two wars were one war that was for indpendence, and one civil war where some of the americans found themselves on opposite sides.

ch4.2-Americans choose sides-what are patriots?

These are the people who saw economic opportunities in an independent america. Also, they embraces farmers, artisans, merchants, landowners, and elected officials. They made up half of the population, and other German colonists including Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia joined for independence.

ch4.3 financial problems: what did they do to raise money and decrease financial problems?

They both borrowed personal credit to raise money for the continental army. They got some money from the Quakers and the Jews. Because of their great efforts, troops were able to be paid in gold coins. That started on sept 8, 1781.

ch4.2 declaration of independence: how did the patriots feel?

They felt very proud.

ch4.3: what challenges did Bogoynes troops face?

They had to carry all of their heavy items in a wagon, and their food supply ran low.

ch4.2: when the congress was now acting like a government that was independent, what did they start allowing?

They started to allow the printing of paper money, so that they could pay the troops and organize a committe to deal with other nations.

ch4.2 Taking sides-Who did the Quakers support/what did they believe in?

They usually supported the partriots, but didn't fight since they didn't believe in war.

ch4.3-The ordeal at Valley forge: what do the americans want?

They want to win the battle with General Washington leading them.

ch4.2: where were the colonial militamen getting settled?

They were starting to settle around Boston. The congress decides that these men are now recognized as the army of the continent.

ch4.2:Common sense-explain exactly what it is.

This 50 page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine was attacking King George, and Thomas Paine was going to lead his own revolt against the King, and he wanted to start with Lexington and Concord. Thomas Paine was sticking up for the colonists, saying how he wanted an independent republic. He states how independence is important, due to the fact the Americans would be able to trade freely with each other and other nations, and he wanted to win unknown aid from the British enemies-thought this would create a better society.