Chapter 42 practice questions- PrepU

Pathologic changes in the structure of the capillary and venular endothelium can result in the accumulation of fluid in interstitial space. What term refers to this accumulation? Hypovolemia Hyponatremia Ascites Edema

Edema

After explaining an electrocardiogram to a patient, which statement indicates that the patient understands this test? "It will show how impulses are moving through my heart." "It will show the chambers of my heart in different views." "It will help to identify how my heart is working mechanically." "It will measure the amount of blood being pumped."

"It will show how impulses are moving through my heart."

As part of their orientation to a cardiac care unit, a group of recent nursing graduates is receiving a refresher in cardiac physiology from the unit educator. Which teaching point best captures a component of cardiac function? "Efficient heart function requires that the ventricles not retain any blood at the end of the cardiac cycle. "Recall that the heart sounds that we listen to as part of our assessments are the sounds of myocardium contracting." "The diastolic phase is characterized by relaxation of ventricles and their filling with blood." "Aortic pressure will exceed ventricular pressure during systole."

"The diastolic phase is characterized by relaxation of ventricles and their filling with blood."

In which situation would blood be most likely to be rapidly relocated from central circulation to the lower extremities? A client undergoes a stress test on a treadmill A client does isotonic exercises in a wheelchair A client is helped out of bed and stands up A client reclines from a sitting to supine position

A client is helped out of bed and stands up

After teaching a group of students about the events that occur when blood flow to the kidneys is reduced, the students demonstrate understanding when they identify that what occurs last? Aldosterone release Renin release Production of angiotensin I Conversion to angiotensin II

Aldosterone release

When explaining the difference between arteries and veins, the nurse would include which statement? Veins have valves that can change blood pressure by means of vasoconstriction or vasodilatation. Veins have smooth muscles that can change blood pressure by means of vasoconstriction or vasodilatation. Arteries have valves that can change blood pressure by means of vasoconstriction or vasodilatation. Arteries have smooth muscles that can change blood pressure by means of vasoconstriction or vasodilatation.

Arteries have smooth muscles that can change blood pressure by means of vasoconstriction or vasodilatation.

Which property is related to the ability of the heart cells to transmit an action potential of electrical impulse? Automaticity Contractility Afterload Conductivity

Conductivity

The nurse assists and educates clients about blood pressure regulation. Which information is important to include in the review with clients about blood pressure? Force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels Systolic blood pressure is the force during ventricular relaxation Amount of blood the ventricles pumps out in 1 minute Diastolic blood pressure is the force of blood pressure during ventricular contraction

Force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels

Fluid moves into the arterial end of a capillary due to: Hydrostatic pressure Fluid needs of the cells Oncotic pressure Loose endothelial cells

Hydrostatic pressure

Proper function of the cardiovascular system relies on blood following the correct pathway through the heart. Valves within the heart separate the organ's chambers and prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction. What valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle? Mitral Pulmonic Aortic Tricuspid

Mitral

A backflow of blood is noted in the left ventricle from the left atrium. The patient is suffering from a defect in which valve? Aortic valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonic valve Mitral valve

Mitral valve

Which is released initially when blood flow to the kidneys is decreased? Angiotensin II Renin Angiotensin I Aldosterone

Renin

The pathway for blood flow through the heart is: Right atria to left ventricle to pulmonary veins through lungs to pulmonary artery to left atria and then to left ventricle. Right atria to right ventricle to pulmonary artery through lungs to pulmonary veins to left atria and then to left ventricle. Left atria to right ventricle to pulmonary artery through lungs to pulmonary veins to left atria and then to left ventricle. Right atria to right ventricle to pulmonary veins through lungs to pulmonary artery to left atria and then to left ventricle.

Right atria to right ventricle to pulmonary artery through lungs to pulmonary veins to left atria and then to left ventricle.

After teaching a group of students about the conduction system of the heart, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify what as the origination of the impulse? SA node AV node Bundle of His Purkinje fibers

SA node

The electrical impulses flow in the following manner: Sinoatrial node, the Purkinje fibers, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and the atrioventricular node. Sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers. The bundle of His, atrioventricular node, sinoatrial (SA) node, right and left bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers. The atrioventricular node, sinoatrial (SA) node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.

Sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.

These are activities involved in the action potential of cardiac muscle. Place them in the proper sequence beginning with activities in phase 0 through phase 4. 1 Sodium is outside the cell and potassium is inside the cell. 3 Sodium rushes into the cell. 5 Potassium rapidly moves out of the cell. 2 Calcium slowly enters and potassium begins to leave the cell. 4 Sodium ion concentration equalizes.

Sodium rushes into the cell. Sodium ion concentration equalizes. Calcium slowly enters and potassium begins to leave the cell. Potassium rapidly moves out of the cell. Sodium is outside the cell and potassium is inside the cell.

Place the steps that occur during the process of blood flow through the body into the correct sequence. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Blood moves on through the pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction. Blood enters the pulmonary artery and lungs, where it receives oxygen. Blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. Blood travels through the mitral valves and into the left ventricle.

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Blood moves on through the pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction. Blood enters the pulmonary artery and lungs, where it receives oxygen. Blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. Blood travels through the mitral valves and into the left ventricle.

A nurse is assessing the vital signs of a client. The client inquires about the functions of the arteries. What should the nurse include in the client education about the function of arteries? To serve as a capacitance vessels for blood To carry oxygenated blood to the body cells To take the blood back into the heart's chambers To exchange oxygen and nutrients with body cells

To carry oxygenated blood to the body cells

After teaching a group of students about circulation, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify it as: single resistance system. a semi-open system. a high to low pressure system. a solitary course of blood flow.

a high to low pressure system.