Chapter 46 PrepU

Nicotinic receptors would be found in which location? Adrenal medulla Sweat glands Bladder Gastrointestinal tract

Adrenal medulla

A client in distress has been given dobutamine, a medication intended to increase myocardial activity and heart rate. This medication likely stimulates what adrenergic receptor? Beta-1 Alpha-1 Alpha-2 Beta-2

Beta-1

The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing adrenergic receptors with the nursing class. What adrenergic receptor would the instructor tell the students is found in the heart and can stimulate increased myocardial activity and increase heart rate? Alpha1 Alpha2 Beta1 Beta2

Beta1

Which effect results from activation of beta2 receptors? Pupil constriction Bronchoconstriction Bronchodilation Decreased heart rate

Bronchodilation

The nursing instructor is explaining the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in influencing body functions. Which change in a patient's body functions would be directly related to the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system? Increased heart rate Poor motility of the gastrointestinal tract Pupil dilation Decreased heart rate

Decreased heart rate

A patient with Parkinson's disease is being cared for on your unit. The nurse would be correct in identifying what neurotransmitter as being decreased in this disease? Acetylcholine Dopamine Neurontin Serotonin

Dopamine

Parkinson's disease is associated with a decrease in which of the following neurotransmitters? Acetylcholine Dopamine Glutamate Serotonin

Dopamine

Which statements are correct regarding adrenergic receptors? Select all that apply. Norepinephrine acts on beta receptors. Epinephrine acts on beta receptors. Epinephrine acts on alpha receptors. Epinephrine acts on dopaminergic receptors. Norepinephrine acts on alpha receptors. Norepinephrine acts on dopaminergic receptor.

Epinephrine acts on beta receptors. Epinephrine acts on alpha receptors. Norepinephrine acts on alpha receptors.

Several factors impact synaptic transmission. What would a nurse know increases synaptic transmission? Reduction of chemicals Electrical impulse Calcium reaction Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitter

A nurse is reading an article about the fight or flight response that includes a discussion of a neurotransmitter. Which neurotransmitter most likely would be addressed? Norepinephrine GABA Serotonin Dopamine

Norepinephrine

CNS drugs can either stimulate or depress the central nervous system. What helps to prevent overstimulation of effector sites? Epinephrine ACh Norepinephrine Dopamine

Norepinephrine

The body uses tyrosine in the diet to make what substance? Norepinephrine Glutamate Estrogen Serotonin

Norepinephrine

Parasympathetic stimulation causes the release of nitrous oxide from the endothelium of blood vessels. Which of the following results from this release? Increased inflammation Increased platelet aggregation Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle Constriction of blood vessels

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who has been experiencing shortness of breath and who has been administered a medication to cause bronchodilation. What aspect of autonomic nervous function has the nurse most likely influenced? Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors Reuptake of acetylcholine Synthesis of acetylcholinesterase Inhibition of alpha-adrenergic receptors

Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors

A signal has reached the terminus of a client's nerve and is in the space where the nerve is closest to the effector cell in a muscle. At what location is this signal? Synapse Schwann cell Neuron Soma

Synapse

The nurse is conducting an assessment of a newly admitted client. What assessment finding should suggest to the nurse that the client's muscarinic cholinergic receptors are being stimulated? The client has "pinpoint" pupils. The client's attention span is unusually short. The client's blood pressure is 119/72 mmHg. The client describes a frontal lobe headache.

The client has "pinpoint" pupils.

A client has been prescribed a medication that antagonizes the beta receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. What assessment finding should the nurse attribute to the effects of this medication? The client's blood pressure is decreased The client's nausea is relieved The client denies shortness of breath The client denies feeling anxious

The client's blood pressure is decreased

What statement best explains the central and peripheral nervous system? Structures of the central nervous system include the brain, neurons, and ganglia. The central nervous system (CNS) can be broken down into the somatic and autonomic pathways. The two main divisions that control the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system. Structures of the peripheral nervous system include the hypothalamus, brain stem, and spinal column.

The two main divisions that control the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system.

The physiology instructor explains to the nursing students that beta-2 stimulation leads to: Vasodilation of blood vessels Vasoconstriction of blood vessels Vasodilation of the aortic valve Vasoconstriction of the aortic valve

Vasodilation of blood vessels

The functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be broadly described as: the ability to produce an action potential and to convey electrical impulses. activities designed to maintain a constant internal environment, to respond to stress or emergencies, and to repair body tissues. the ability to regulate and produce acetylcholine. relaying motor impulses from the cortex to the thalamus.

activities designed to maintain a constant internal environment, to respond to stress or emergencies, and to repair body tissues.

Which functions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? Select all that apply. blood pressure digestion heart rate metabolism ambulation

blood pressure digestion heart rate metabolism

A client's nerves have been stimulated and the signal has reached the axon. How will communication continue? through the production of an electrical signal by the release of a neurotransmitter by physically stimulating the nerve on the other side of the synapse The nerve signal will cease at this point.

by the release of a neurotransmitter

After teaching a group of students about the functions of the nervous system, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify that a function is: control of body functions. generation of incoming stimuli. separation of responses. prevention of stimulus exposure.

control of body functions.

The nurse is caring for a client who is known to have deficient levels of dopamine because of a dietary lack of tyrosine. The nurse should expect to assess for evidence of: decreased adrenergic response. increased adrenergic response. overstimulation of nicotinic receptors. hyperfunction of the sympathetic nervous system.

decreased adrenergic response.

A client has just learned of a highly negative prognosis, which is entirely unexpected. What body responses should the nurse anticipate? increased blood pressure (BP), increased heart rate, and pupil dilation decreased sweating, decreased BP, and increased heart rate pupil constriction, increased respiratory rate, and decreased heart rate increased sweating, decreased respiratory rate, and increased BP

increased blood pressure (BP), increased heart rate, and pupil dilation

The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who has been administered albuterol in order to promote bronchodilation and relieve shortness of breath. When giving this medication, the nurse has affected the client's autonomic nervous system by: stimulating beta2-receptors. decreasing the reuptake of acetylcholine. converting a larger proportion of dopamine to norepinephrine. antagonizing alpha2-receptors.

stimulating beta2-receptors.

Characteristics that allow neurons to communicate with other body cells include: the ability to regulate body temperature. the ability to be stimulated and to convey electrical impulses. relaying motor impulses from the cortex to the thalamus. stimulation of "association areas" to analyze information received.

the ability to be stimulated and to convey electrical impulses.

A client is having a stress response that is causing the release of norepinephrine. This norepinephrine will be made from what dietary precursor? tyrosine thiamine tryptophan trichinosis

tyrosine

A client has a neurologic disorder characterized by a deficiency of acetylcholine. In what location is acetylcholine normally synthesized? in the synaptic cleft between nerves and effector cells in the adrenal medulla within cholinergic nerves themselves within the gray matter of the spinal cord

within cholinergic nerves themselves

What in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) brings information to the central nervous system? Motor nerves Synapses Efferent neurons Sensory receptors

Sensory receptors