Chapter 5-6 Quiz

How many pairings of the unconditioned stimuli and conditioned stimuli are needed for taste aversion to occur? a. five b. It varies for each person, but it always have to be more than once for learning to occur. c. It has to be over the course of years. d. one

d. one

__________ is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so. a. Anterograde amnesia b. Infantile amnesia c. Dissociative amnesia d. Retrograde amnesia

b. Infantile amnesia

An newborn infant displays the following reflexes EXCEPT which of the following? a. stepping/walking reflex in response to having feet placed on a flat object b. startle in response to the sight of a balloon c. swimming reflex when placed in water d. rooting/turning head in response to a stroke to their cheek

b. startle in response to the sight of a balloon

One of the possible explanations for why we yawn when we see others yawn is related to which of the following? a. Catecholamines b. Motor neurons c. Mirror neurons d. Interneurons

c. Mirror neurons

Which type of conditioning is defined as a simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in certain behavior because of the effects of that behavior? a. Pavlovian conditioning b. Respondent conditioning c. Operant conditioning d. Classical conditioning

c. Operant conditioning

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects watched a film of an automobile accident, then answered a series of questions, including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars. What factor affected the subjects' estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling? a. Whether the researcher was friendly or rude. b. Whether the driver of the car was male or female. c. Whether the words used in the question suggested greater speeds (e.g. contacted vs. smashed). d. Whether they had ever been an eyewitness to an auto accident.

c. Whether the words used in the question suggested greater speeds (e.g. contacted vs. smashed).

Dasha developed an intense fear of flying ten years ago when she was in a plane crash. Now she can fly again without fear which indicates that her conditioned fear response has undergone____________ a. Extinction b. Generalization c. Spontaneous recovery d. Orienting reflex

a. Extinction

Which of the following statements is true in the context of classical conditioning? a. It always involves reflexes and demonstrates that reflexes can be learned by association. b. An unconditioned stimulus cannot elicit a response prior to conditioning c. An unconditioned response is a learned response to a stimulus d. It sometimes involved reflexes and demonstrates that reflexes cannot be unlearned

a. It always involves reflexes and demonstrates that reflexes can be learned by association.

Using the phrase "Elvis's Guitar Broke Down on Friday" to remember the lines (EGBDF) in a musical treble clef is an example of _________. a. elaborative rehearsal b. maintenance rehearsal c. retrospective memory d. metamemory

a. elaborative rehearsal

Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Abe her telephone number at a party, but Abe is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Linda. Abe and Rose have different _________ of the event. a. episodic memories b. semantic memories c. prospective memories d. procedural memories

a. episodic memories

The flow of visual information seems smooth and continuous because of __________ memory, which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second a. iconic b. flashbulb c. semantic d. echoic

a. iconic

To remember the names of all the countries in Asia, Jennifer is mentally repeating all the names several times. This scenario illustrates __________. a. maintenance rehearsal b. elaborative rehearsal c. repression d. serial positioning

a. maintenance rehearsal

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer? a. money b. water c. pain d. food

a. money

Because of her poor health, your Aunt B had to take a lot of medication. She usually does a good job remembering to take it but sometimes forgets to do so. This forgetting is a failure of what type of memory? a. Episodic memory. b. Implicit memory. c. Semantic memory. d. Prospective memory.

d. Prospective memory.

A parent buys their child a toy in order to stop the temper tantrum they are throwing. Next time they go to the store, the child throws another tantrum and the parent buys them another toy so they stop throwing a fit. The parent's behavior of buying the child a toy has been _______. a. positively punished b. negative punishment c. positively reinforced d. negatively reinforced

d. negatively reinforced

What are defined as stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior? a. Unpleasant stimuli b. Punishments c. aversive stimuli d. reinforcers

d. reinforcers

Prior to conditioning, Kofi salivates in response to lasagna being placed in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, which is the correct labeling of stimuli and responses in this situation? a. The food is the conditioned stimulus; Kofi salivating is the unconditioned stimulus. b. The food is the unconditioned response; Kofi salivating is the unconditioned stimulus c. The food is the unconditioned stimulus; Kofi salivating is the unconditioned response d. The food is the conditioned stimulus; Kofi salivating is the conditioned response

c. The food is the unconditioned stimulus; Kofi salivating is the unconditioned response as

Three-year old Esteban watches the children's television show "Spongebob Squarepants." At first, Esteban became really excited whenever he saw a Spongebob doll. Now Esteban gets excited whenever he sees any yellow sponge. Esteban is displaying stimulus ___________. a. generalization b. confusion c. sprawl d. discrimination

a. generalization

In order to form new memories, you must have a fully functioning _________. a. hypothalamus b. pineal gland c. nephron d. hippocampus

d. hippocampus

Implicit memories involve methods and skills, cognitive and physical, and are also referred to as ________. a. episodic memories b. declarative memories c. semantic memories d. procedural memories

d. procedural memories

In the context of operant conditioning, when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more "likes," this is an example of _________. a. regularization b. punishment c. extinction d. reinforcement

d. reinforcement

After telling the police officer everything she could recall about when she went into the bank, Lucas got to the point that he no longer could recall any more information. At that point, Lucas was most likely experiencing ____________. a. state-dependent retrieval b. proactive interference c. retroactive interference d. retrieval cue failure

d. retrieval cue failure

Which of the following statements is true in the context of the effects of violent video games? a. Violent video games are connected with an increase in juvenile delinquency. b. Males are relatively less likely than females to act aggressively after playing violent video games c. Moderating variables such as social connectedness figure into the effects of media violence. d. Students who obtain higher grades are more likely to behave aggressively following exposure to violent video games.

c. Moderating variables such as social connectedness figure into the effects of media violence.

What is a schedule of reinforcement in which every correct response is reinforced? a. Continuous reinforcement b. Fixed-ratio reinforcement c. Partial reinforcement d. Variable-ratio reinforcement

a. Continuous reinforcement

Mirin would spank her daughter when she would chew food with her mouth open. After several instances of poor table manners, her daughter starts avoiding the kitchen table. In this example, the table is a(n) ________. a. conditioned stimulus b. secondary reinforcer c. negative reinforcer d. unconditioned stimulus

a. conditioned stimulus

Stephen was recently involved in a car accident in which he was critically injured. He is unable to recall the events that led to the accident. Stephen is suffering from ________. a. anterograde amnesia b. retrograde amnesia c. dissociative amnesia d. infantile amnesia

b. retrograde amnesia

__________ is the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli. a. Echoic memory b. Iconic memory c. Elaborative memory d. Prospective memory

a. Echoic memory

According to your text, children watching violence in the media are potentially impacted by all of the following EXCEPT: a. Habituation to violence may occur. b. Reduced probability of aggressive behavior. c. Observational learning might promote such behaviors. d. Increased emotional arousal.

b. Reduced probability of aggressive behavior.

After living in France for many years, Laura returned for a visit to the United States. As she walked around the small town she had grown-up in, her mind was flooded with memories of her childhood. The environmental cues that helped trigger Laura's memories illustrate __________. a. tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon b. context-dependent memory c. proactive memory d. state-dependent memory

b. context-dependent memory

Mr. Rupp's memory has always been spectacular. He can see an image, like a painting or a page in a book, and recall exactly all of the details of either one. Mr. Rupp's ability to remember these specific details is known as _________. a. non conscious imagery b. eidetic memory c. subliminal perception d. nephron

b. eidetic memory

Professor Schwiesow ends up driving to Creighton without consciously remembering how she got there and on a day she doesn't teach! This may be due to which type of memory? a. psychomotor memory b. implicit memory c. episodic memory d. semantic memory

b. implicit memory

Biofeedback training, behavior modification, and programmed learning are all applications of__________. a. observational learning b. operant conditioning c. latent learning d. classical conditioning

b. operant conditioning

Samantha cries every time she hears a song on the radio that she and her ex-boyfriend used to enjoy. Hearing the song brings back memories of the good times they had before he broke off the relationship. How come Samantha cries when she hears the song? a. She was positively reinforced with the song and now she is not receiving the reinforcers anymore. b. She has been operantly conditioned to cry to the song in the same way that "Little Albert" learned his fears. c. The song is a conditioned stimulus that she still associates with the good times that she now misses. d. The break-up of the relationship was a conditioned stimulus that elicited a conditioned response of crying.

c. The song is a conditioned stimulus that she still associates with the good times that she now misses.

After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she split the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called ________. a. serial positioning b. screening c. chunking d. repressing

c. chunking

Due to repeated exposure to media violence, viewers' sensitivity to violence may decrease. This is called ______________ . a. disinhibition b. modeling c. habituation d. observational learning

c. habituation

Professor Schwiesow has her class engage in discussion, both in class and on-line, which encourages them to apply information and generate examples based on individual experiences. Using levels of processing terminology, Professor Schwiesow is encouraging her students to: a. produce inaccurate memories. b. counteract prospective memory. c. process the information at a "deep" level so that it is more likely to be encoded into long-term memory. d. counteract retrieval failures.

c. process the information at a "deep" level so that it is more likely to be encoded into long-term memory.

As she was listening to her psychology professor discuss ways to improve memory, Ebony thought of different ways she could apply the suggestions to herself. Later that day she was trying to recall the different techniques, but she could only recall the first couple. This reflects ___________. a. the self-reference effect b. clustering c. the serial-position effect d. contextual cues

c. the serial-position effect

Which of the following statements is true about retroactive interference? a. It is the interference of emotions with the capacity to retrieve semantic memory. b. It is the interference of older learning with the capacity to retrieve more recently learned material. c. It is the interference of flashbulb memories with the recollection of paired associates. d. It is the interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously

d. It is the interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously

Episodic memory is also referred to as ________. a. prospective memory b. procedural memory c. nondeclarative memory d. autobiographical memory

d. autobiographical memory

If you encoded and properly stored the list of words Professor Schwiesow had you remember in class, they should now be in your long term memory you should be able to retrieve them. Identify a word that was NOT included in this list. a. startle b. Moro c. Skinner d. baby

d. baby