Chapter 5-8 Question Bank

Approximately what percentage training hours are delivered online?

30%

Approximately what percentage of large companies deliver a portion of their training online?

50%

_____ is an example of a context-based learning method that is guided by companies.

A simulation

Which of the following statements is true of learning management systems (LMS)?

An LMS helps companies understand the strengths and weaknesses of their employees, including where talent gaps exist.

_____ refers to the ease with which training outcomes can be collected.

Practically

_____ refers to the latest generation of distance learning that uses satellite technology to broadcast programs to different locations and allows trainees to respond to questions using a keypad.

Interactive distance learning

Which of the following statements is true of technology's influence on training and learning?

New technology gives employees greater control of their own learning.

Which of the following statements is true?

Online instruction and classroom instruction are equally effective when similar instructional methods are used.

Which of the following is NOT true?

Online instruction is more effective than classroom instruction for teaching procedural knowledge.

Which of the following statements is true?

There is considerable overlap between learning outcomes across the training methods

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding blended learning?

Trainees prefer blended learning to classroom training.

In general, large companies deliver more training online compared to small companies.

True

In online training, an instructor has the capability to provide detailed feedback to trainees.

True

It is necessary to limit return on investment (ROI) analysis to certain training programs as it can be costly.

True

Negative transfer is evident when learning occurs, but on-the-job behavior is lower than pre-training levels

True

New training technologies are unlikely to totally replace face-to-face instruction.

True

Opportunity to perform is influenced by both the work environment and trainee motivation.

True

The Solomon four-group design combines the pre-test/post-test comparison group and the post-test-only/control group design.

True

The flipped classroom reverses the traditional learning arrangement by delivering instructional content online outside of the classroom and moving homework into the classroom.

True

Training support technologies assist in transfer of training by providing employees with information not covered in training.

True

Virtual reality allows simulations to become even more realistic.

True

Which of the following strategies is least appropriate for far transfer?

Using standardized procedures, processes, and checklists

According to the 70-20-10 model, approximately 20 percent of learning occurs through formal classroom experiences.

False

Evaluation designs without pre-test or comparison groups are most appropriate when companies are interested in determining how much change has occurred in trainees.

False

Favorable trainee reactions are strongly connected with transfer.

False

In general, repurposing is considered an advisable strategy for developing online learning.

False

It is important to conduct a return on investment (ROI) analysis for nearly all training programs.

False

Negative transfer happens when no learning occurs during training, and subsequently, there is no on-the-job impact.

False

Once the costs and benefits of the training program are determined, ROI is calculated by dividing costs by benefits.

False

Online learning that merely repurposes an effective live training program will usually be ineffective.

False

Outcome measures are often highly related to each other.

False

ROI (return on investment) would be considered a Level-4 outcome in Kirkpatrick's model of training evaluation.

False

Social-contextual learning consists of formal training activities designed by a company.

False

The Hawthorne effect refers to employees performing at a low level because of the attention they receiv

False

The believability of study results refers to external validity.

False

There are significant generational differences in preferences for using and realizing the potential benefits of social-media tools.

False

Which of the following statements best differentiates formative evaluation from summative evaluation?

Formative evaluation focuses on how to make a training program better, whereas summative evaluation helps to determine the extent to which trainees have changed after training.

Six Sigma and Kaizen involve principles of _____.

action learning

_____ is a process that involves a small group working on real problems.

action learning

Suppose you would like to a train a group of managers to enhance their skill in providing employee feedback. Which of the following methods would be least appropriate?

adventure learning

_____ relate to trainees' attitudes toward training content and motivation to transfer.

affective outcomes

Which of the following involves assisting a certified tradesperson at a work site?

apprenticeships

Which of the following requires the least amount of participation from trainees?

audiovisual instruction

Which of the following training methods brings digital elements into the physical world to enhance the information and context that people experience?

augmented reality

Vicarious reinforcement is most relevant to _____.

behavior modeling

_____ is based on the principles of social learning theory.

behavior modeling

In a(n) _____ type of simulation, trainees are presented with a situation and asked to make a decision that enables them to progress through the simulation.

branching story

Lecture as a presentation method _____.

can be easily employed with large groups of trainees

Which of the following technologies refers to artificial-intelligence (AI) systems that create an automated, personalized conversation with human users?

chatbots

Which of the following is false regarding MOOCs?

completion rates are high

Development of effective self-directed learning typically begins with _____.

conducting a job analysis to identify the tasks that must be covered

A case study is inappropriate for developing higher-order intellectual skills, such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.

false

A major reason that companies adopt a learning management system (LMS) is to decentralize management of learning activities.

false

Adventure learning often results in high transfer of training.

false

Apprenticeships are most common for white-collar positions.

false

Apprenticeships provide guarantees that jobs will be available to trainees when a program is completed.

false

Behavior modeling is more appropriate for teaching factual information than interpersonal skills.

false

Consider guided-competency learning, social-competency learning, guided-contextual learning, and social-contextual learning. Fewer and fewer companies are using training methods from each of these four quadrants.

false

In a role play, trainees practice their technical skills.

false

It is generally considered best practice for role plays to be unstructured to enhance contextual learning.

false

On-the-job training is typically more passive than classroom training.

false

One of the benefits of augmented reality is that costs are relatively low compared to other technology-based training methods.

false

One of the most significant advantages of on-the-job training (OJT) is that bad habits are rarely passed on.

false

One of the most significant benefits of adaptive training is easily matching customizations to learners' specific needs.

false

Presentation methods are generally more effective than hands-on methods.

false

Presentation methods promote active participation among trainees.

false

Teleconferencing refers to asynchronous exchange of audio and video between two or more individuals.

false

The key defining characteristic of a flipped classroom is that control over the content of lectures is "flipped" from the instructor to student.

false

Virtual worlds are ineffective for teaching interpersonal skills, such as time management and leadership.

false

With respect to maximizing the benefits of learner control, programs should allow trainees to control the amount of feedback they receive.

false

With opportunity to perform, activity level refers to the _____.

frequency with which trained tasks are performed on the job

Which of the following is the first stage of an experiential learning training program?

gaining conceptual knowledge and theory

_____ learning focuses on well-defined competencies typically trained via lecture and online methods.

guided competency

Which of the following is not a variation of the lecture method discussed in the text?

guided conceptual inquiry

Which of the following statements is most true of Traditionalists?

Most Traditionalists are now in retirement

The use of simulations has been limited by their _____.

high development costs

Which of the following methods is/are the most commonly used in organizations?

instructor lead classroom training

In a(n) _____ type of simulation, trainees are given a set of business tools and asked to make decisions that will impact the business.

interactive spreadsheet

A case study _____.

is a description about how employees or an organization dealt with a difficult situation

_____ allow companies to track the number of employees who have completed courses.

learning management systems (LMS)

The first and the most important step in choosing a training method is to identify the _____.

learning objective

Which of the following is a presentation method of training?

lecture

Which of the following technologies refers to artificial-intelligence (AI) systems that learn? Such systems learn by applying algorithms to data to identify user trends that inform future suggestions and data searches.

machine learning

A(n) _____refers to software tools that enable communication in short bursts of text, links, and multimedia through stand-alone applications or through online communities.

microblog

Which of the following methods has a relatively low development cost?

mobile learning

Which of the following methods is best suited for training facts?

mobile learning

If companies have a limited budget for developing new training methods, the most appropriate hands-on training method would be what?

on-the-job training

In training, the greatest level of support that a manager can provide is to _____.

participate in training as an instructor

_____ is (are) likely to be the easiest training outcome to measure.

reactions

_____ refers to directly translating an instructor-led, face-to-face training program to an online format.

repurposing

The use of social media as a learning tool may be ineffective in a company that _____.

requires centralized decision making

Which of the following methods allows employees to take responsibility for all aspects of learning?

self-directed learning

Which of the following methods would be appropriate for developing skills in revenue management, as discussed in the text?

self-directed learning

In comparison to classroom delivery, blended learning has increased _____.

self-directedness of learners

_____ refers to learners assessing their progress toward learning.

self-regulation

_____ learning focuses on context-dependent knowledge and skills learned via social media and informal interactions through others.

social contextual learning

_____ refers to concrete examples to show how learning has led to results that a company finds worthwhile and credible.

success cases

Which of the following refers to trainers, experts, and learners interacting with each other live and in real time?

synchronous communication

_____ refers to training that a team manager receives that focuses on ways to resolve conflict within the team.

team leader training

_____ refers to synchronous exchange of audio, video, and text between two or more individuals or groups at two or more locations.

teleconferencing

To create a positive online learning experience, _____.

there should be prompts to promote self-regulation

_____ is a computer-based technology that provides trainees with a three-dimensional learning experience.

virtual reality

Which of the following statements is true of lesson plans?

They include the sequence of activities that will be conducted and identify administrative details

Which of the following statements is most true of comparison groups?

They represent a group of employees who do not attend training.

Pilot testing is more useful for formative evaluation than summative evaluation.

True

Pilot testing refers to the process of previewing the training program with potential trainees and managers.

True

A(n) _____ is a written document that includes the steps that a trainee and manager will take to ensure that training transfers to the job.

action plan

Front-line supervisors are likely most concerned with which training outcomes?

behavior and skill-based outcomes

The evaluation process ideally begins with

conducting a needs analysis

Which of the following instances call for training with an emphasis on far transfer?

creating a new product

Evaluation designs without pre-test or comparison groups are most appropriate when _____.

a company is only interested in whether trainees have achieved a certain proficiency level.

Explicit knowledge _____.

can be managed by a knowledge management system

A(n) _____ gets learners into the appropriate mental state for learning and allows them to understand the personal and work-related meaningfulness of course content.

concept map

If training emphasizes total group discussion and no small-group interaction, a _____ seating arrangement will be most effective.

conference-type

_____ refers to whether performance on the outcome reflects true differences in performance.

discrimination

If trainers are interested in the generalizability of a study's results, they are said to be interested in the _____ of the study.

external validity

Which of the following is an affective learning outcome?

greater appreciation of diversity

Effective knowledge sharing is most likely when employees _____.

have easy access to information within the context of their jobs

_____ is a way of delivering content to learners in small, very specific bursts. With such learning, individuals are in control of what and when they're learning.

microlearning

Behavior and skill-based outcomes are best measured by _____.

observation

Typically, _____ are used to assess cognitive outcomes.

pencil-and-paper tests

In the context of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), _____ types thrive in flexible learning environments in which they are stimulated by new and exciting ideas. Such individuals like to "go with the flow" and are receptive to new opportunities.

perceiving

Which of the following statements is true of knowledge management?

Creating communities of practice and using "after-action reviews" at the end of each project facilitates knowledge management

A _____ refers to an organized program of study designed to meet a complex learning objective.

Curriculum

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which of the following types of learners require instructors to emphasize personal needs, beliefs, values, and experiences?

Feeling-Learners

A(n) _____ refers to a memory tool to encode difficult-to-remember information in a way that is much easier to remember.

Mnemonic

_____ review meetings are meetings between a manager and employee during which the employee's performance is discussed, and improvement goals are agreed upon.

Performance Appraisal

request for proposal (RFP) is a document mainly used to identify _____.

Potential vendors and consults for training services

The pre-training phase primarily involves _____.

Preparing, motivating, and energizing trainees to attend the learning event

It is estimated that 15% of organizations collect data on which of the following training outcomes?

ROI

Which training outcome relates to trainees providing feedback about their satisfaction with a trainer?

Reaction

Which of the following is a concern in organizations regarding the loss of explicit and tacit knowledge?

The retirement of Baby Boomers

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding a Net Promoter Score (NPS)?

Trainees are categorized into detractors, permissives, and promotors.

Which of the following statements is true of near transfer?

Trainees should be encouraged to focus only on important differences between training tasks and work tasks.

Context-based learning is unique to an employee's needs.

True

Improved self-efficacy beliefs relate to an affective learning outcome.

True

In developing a lesson outline, trainers need to consider the proper sequencing of topics.

True

Which generational cohort tends to prefer blended learning?

Millennials

_____ is a time period in which participants no longer receive training intervention.

Reversal

Which of the following statements is true of business games?

Several alternative courses of action are available to trainees.

Which of the following is true of simulations?

Simulations can safely put employees in situations that would be dangerous in the real world

Which of the following statements is most true of on-the-job training (OJT)?

Skills learned through OJT are easily transferred to the job

Which of the following is true?

Some trainees may not be motivated to learn through technology.

Which of the following is not characteristic of case studies?

They allow trainees to act out skills

A comparison group refers to a group of employees who participate in the evaluation study but do not attend the training program.

True

According to the 70-20-10 model, the majority of learning should be guided by the employee as opposed to the organization.

True

Cognitive outcomes generally do not help determine how much trainees use training content on the job.

True

Competency-based learning may occur through job experiences.

True

_____ involves training teams how to share information and make decisions.

coordination training

_____ best prepares team members to step in and take the place of a member who may temporarily leave the team.

cross-training

_____ are a support tool that employees can refer to when they have a problem that exceeds their current skill set.

expert systems

A potential disadvantage of a panel lecture format is that trainees who are relatively naive about a topic may have difficulty understanding important points.

true

Adaptive training refers to training that customizes the content presented to trainees based on their learning style, ability, personality, and/or performance.

true

Although development costs for technology-based training programs are high, costs for administering these programs are low.

true

Business games mimic the competitive nature of business

true

Group-building methods focus on individual and team learning.

true

In behavior modeling, key behaviors are typically performed in a specific order.

true

In self-directed learning, trainers do not control instruction.

true

On-the-job training is considered informal because it does not occur as part of a formal classroom program.

true

Role plays can be a component of behavioral modeling.

true

The average annual wage for an apprentice is $50,000.

true

To support self-directed learning, Best Buy rewards virtual "badges" when employees complete training that is necessary for their current career stage.

true

Lesson plans are typically more detailed than design documents.

True

_____ relate(s) to whether trainees are using training content back on the job.

Behavior and skill-based outcomes

Which of the following is a major aide in communicating tacit knowledge?

Discussion

Which of the following represents the lowest level of manager support for training?

Encouragement of trainees' participation in training

A "pencil-and-paper" test is the best means for measuring skill-based outcomes.

False

A curriculum covers more specific learning objectives and addresses a more limited number of competencies than a course or program.

False

A metaphor is a device, such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations, that assists in remembering something.

False

Affective outcomes would be considered a Level 1 outcome in Kirkpatrick's model of training evaluation.

False

Among all training outcomes, cognitive outcomes are most frequently assessed.

False

Compared to other generations, Millennials prefer training methods that allow them to work at their own pace and look to trainers to share their expertise.

False

Conference type seating is most appropriate when training involves small group discussions.

False

Content curation refers to creating a group of pictures that tell a story.

False

Counter to intuition, using managers and employees as trainers decreases the perceived meaningfulness of the training content.

False

Despite its advantages, one of the significant disadvantages of a Net Promoter Score (NPS) is that it is relatively difficult for learners to complete.

False

Fan-type seating is ineffective for training that includes trainees working in groups and teams.

False

Formative evaluation usually involves collecting quantitative data through tests or objective measures of performance.

False

In general, it is considered best practice to avoid the use of incandescent lighting in a training room. Such lighting is typically too bright and "harsh."

False

In the context of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), sensing types will thrive when information is organized and structured. Such individuals are motivated to complete assignments in order to gain closure.

False

Incorporating novelty and fun into a training course can promote learner engagement, but may have little effect on helping learners commit training content to memory.

False

It is generally considered best practice to use slang and sports analogies when training groups of trainees from different cultural backgrounds. Doing so helps to promote fun in the learning environment, and such strategies can serve as useful mnemonic devices.

False

Regarding opportunity to perform, breadth refers to the number of times or the frequency with which trained tasks are performed on the job.

False

Results are more frequently examined than reactions.

False

The dimensions of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator combine to form eighteen personality types.

False

The traditional classroom-type arrangement is good for role-play exercises that involve trainees working in groups of two or three.

False

To encourage self-management, it is important to emphasize that lapses are typically the result of personal failure.

False

Using "HOMES" to remember the five Great Lakes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior) is an example of concept map.

False

When a series of steps must be followed in a specific way to complete a task successfully, training should be designed with an emphasis on far transfer.

False

Curricula differ from courses in that curricula _____.

Includes broader learning objectives

In the context of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), _____ types prefer a learning atmosphere in which an emphasis is placed on meaning and associations. Insight is valued more than careful observation.

Intuitive

Which of the following statements is true of random assignment?

It assigns employees to a training program without considering their individual differences.

Which of the following statements is true of Solomon four-group evaluation design?

It combines both pre-test/post-test comparison group and post-test-only control group design.

If a firm measures its sales volume before and after a training program, which training outcome is it focused on?

Results

It is estimated that 35% of organizations collect data on which of the following training outcomes?

Results

_____ demonstrate(s) to key business stakeholders, such as top-level managers, that their expectations about training have been satisfied.

Return on expectations (ROE)

Jane has been a trainer for many years. She believes that trainees today lack any motivation to learn. This attitude is apparent to her trainees. Her trainees then fail to exert personal initiative, as expected. What phenomenon is most likely occurring in this instance?

Self-Fulfilling prophecy

Which term refers to a group of two or more trainees who agree to meet to discuss their progress using learned capabilities on the job?

Support Network

_____ refers to the process of collecting the outcomes needed to determine whether training is effective.

Training evaluation

"I" before "e", except after "c", or when sounding like "a" in "neighbor" and "weigh", is an example of a mnemonic.

True

A CEO is likely more concerned with summative evaluation relative to formative evaluation.

True

A low level of training support a manager can provide is acceptance.

True

A reliable test includes items for which the meaning or interpretation does not change over time.

True

Companies experience a loss of explicit and tacit knowledge when older employees retire.

True

Millennials like to learn by working alone and helping others to learn.

True

Skill-based outcomes can be used to evaluate both learning and transfer.

True

The larger the room, the more a trainer's gestures and movements must be exaggerated to get the audience's attention.

True

Traditional classroom-type seating makes it difficult for trainees to work in teams.

True

When using an outside vendor to provide training services, it is important to consider the extent to which the training program will be customized based on a company's needs.

True

Return on investment (ROI) analysis is best suited for training programs that are _____

significant financial investments

Formative evaluation involves collecting data about a training program from trainees mainly through _____.

their opinions and feelings about the program

A company that aims to improve readily observable outcomes by collecting data at periodic intervals before and after training is likely applying a _____ evaluation design.

time series

Appropriate training outcomes need to discriminate, meaning that _____.

trainees' performance on the outcome should actually reflect true differences in performance

Low levels of opportunity to perform may indicate that _____.

training content is not important for the employee's job

In the context of big data, _____ refers to the large number of sources and types of data.

variety

In the context of big data, _____ refers to the huge amount of data that is being generated and the speed with which it must be evaluated, captured, and made useful.

velocity