CHAPTER 5

The four agents of socialization?

1. Family 2. Peer group 3. School 4. Mass media

The four principal factors influencing personality development

1. Heredity 2. Birth Order 3. Parental characteristics 4. Cultural environment

Role Taking

Anticipate

Why do most adults appear to maintain stable personalities overtime?

Because their personality traits change at a slower rate

Re-socialization

Break with past experiences in the learning of new values/norms

Aptitude

Capacity to learn a particular skills or acquire a particular body of knowledge

What does research on the effect of institutionalization show

Children with a lack of a caring environment develops mental physical and emotional skills at a slower pace. (feral children)

John Locke

Clean slate

Self

Conscious awareness of possessing a distinct identity that separates us from other members of society

What is the first agent of socialization of people you encounter?

Family

George Herbert Mead

I, Me (role taking)

Tabula Rasa

Individuals born without built and mental content and that therefore our knowledge comes from experience or perception

The studies of Anna Isabel and Jeannie show that normal social development children depends on...

Interaction with others

Looking glass self

Interactive process by which we develop an image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to others

Socialization

Interactive process through which individuals learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of society

Generalized others

Internalized attitudes, expectations, and we viewpoints of society that we use to guide our behavior and reinforce our sense of self

In Kingsley Davises studies of Anna and Isabel, what were the main reasons the story of Isabelle has a happier ending?

Isabel had her mother and was in intensive care treatment

Kingsley Davis

Isolation in childhood

Charles Horton Cooley

Looking Glass Self

The basic idea behind nature vs nurture

Nature: instinctual human behavior Nurture: social environment affects social behavior

Me

Part of the identity that is aware of the expectations and attitudes of society a.k.a. socialized self

To positive and two negatives of TV?

Positive: educational, entertainment, spread of culture Negative: cannot trust sources, violence, makes people lazy

Total institution

Setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and subjected to the control of officials of varied ranks

Personality

Some total of behaviors, attitudes, believes, and values that are characteristics of an individual

Agents of socialization

Specific individuals, groups, and institutions that provide the situations in which socialization can occur

Significant others

Specific people who have direct influence on our socialization

Heredity

Transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children

Instinct

Unchanging, biologically inherited behavior pattern

I

Unsocialized, spontaneous, self interested component of the personality and self identity

Describe why Charles Horton Cooley primary group for the development of the self

You get your Sense of self and perception from your primary group