Chapter 5 Anatomy midterm

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens? a) Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells) b) Melanocytes c) Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells) d) Stem Cells

a) Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the a) dermis b) epidermis c) stratum corneum d) stratum basale e) hypodermis

hypodermis

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light? a) Keratin b) Melanin c) Melatonin d) Carotene e) Hemoglobin

melanin

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin? a) carotene production b) melanin production c) tyrosine production d) hemoglobin production e) keratin production

melanin production

Why does the skin feel hot on individuals with a fever? Select all that apply. a) Blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. b) Blood vessels constrict to decrease blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. c) Vasoconstriction of the vessels decreases heat loss from the skin. d) Vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin. e) Blood flow from the dermis is decreased while blood flow to the epidermis is increased.

A,D

Which of the following are characteristics of thick skin? Select all that apply. a) Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips. b) Does not contain hair follicles. c) Contains more sweat glands than thin skin. d) Contain epidermal ridges. e) Lacking stratum lucidum f) Contains fewer corpuscles of touch than thin skin g) Stratum corneum has fewer layers in thick than thin.

ABCD

When you are hot, blood vessels in the dermis_[dropdown 1] to maintain homeostasis. When you are cold, blood vessels in the dermis [dropdown 2] to maintain homeostasis. Heat loss from the body will[dropdown 3], when blood vessels in the dermis dilate. Heat loss from the body will [dropdown 4] when blood vessels in the dermis constrict. Drop Down Choices: constrict, decrease, dilate increase

Answer 1: dilate Answer 2: constrict Answer 3: increase Answer 4: decrease

Physical portion of hair that is visible and extends above the surface of skin: [dropdown 1] Central area of hair: [dropdown 2] Consists of hardened cells containing keratin; bulk portion of hair: [dropdown 3] Actively dividing cells within hair; Contains pigmenting producing cells: [dropdown 4] Consists of hardened cells containing keratin; outer layer of hair: [dropdown 5] Drop Down Choices: Cortex cuticle hair shaft matrix medulla

Answer 1: hair shaft Answer 2: medulla Answer 3: cortex Anseer 4: matrix Answer 5: cuticle

Match the term with the best description [dropdown 1]: Actively dividing cells of the nails. [dropdown 2]: Hardened epithelial tissue above the hypnychium. [dropdown 3]: Crescent shaped area that appears white due to thickened epithelial. [dropdown 4]: Portion of the stratum corneum that grows onto the nail body. Drop Down Choices: cuticle lunula nail bed nail matrix

Answer 1: nail matrix Answer 2: nail bed Answer 3: lunula Anseer 4: cuticle

Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin? Select all that apply. a) Arrector pili b) Epidermal ridges c) Sweat glands d) Eponychium e) Oil glands f) Lamellar granules

E,F

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is a) cyanosis b) pallor c) jaundice d) alopecia e) erythema

jaundice

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n) a) hypertrophic scar b) keloid scar c) granulation scar d) epidermal scar

keloid scar

Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury? a) abrasion b) blister c) keloid d) laceration e) cyst

laceration

Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine, unpigmented hairs to help with warmth and insulation. Which type of hair is described? a) Terminal b) Vellus c) Lanugo d) Papilla

lanugo

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults? a) hirsutism b) pallor c) jaundice d) male-pattern baldness e) erythema

male pattern baldness

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce a) melanin. b) carotene. c) both melanin and carotene. d) keratin. e) melanocytes

melanin

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c? a) Papillary region of the dermis b) Reticular region of the dermis c) Subcutaneous layer d) Hypodermis e) Epidermis

reticular region of the dermis

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion. a) Sebaceous gland b) Eccrine gland c) Apocrine gland d) Eccrine and apocrine glands e) Sebaceous and Eccrine glands

sebaceous gland

Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. a) Sweat b) Cerumen c) Sebum d) Mucus

sebum

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the a) stratum basale. b) stratum spinosum. c) stratum granulosum. d) stratum lucidum. e) stratum corneum.

stratum basale

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation? a) Sebaceous gland b) Eccrine sweat gland c) Apocrine sweat gland d) Ceruminous gland

eccrine sweat gland

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop? a) Endoderm b) Ectoderm c) Mesoderm d) Both endoderm and ectoderm

ectoderm

Which statements are true? 1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum. 2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles. 3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum. 4. Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses. a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 1 and 4 c) 2, 3, 4 d) 1 and 2 e) 3 and 4

1 and 2

Choose the following statements that describe keratin. 1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein. 2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin. 3. Keratin helps protect the skin. 4. Keratin participates in immune responses. 5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light. a) 1 and 3 b) 1, 3, 4, 5 c) 2, 4, 5 d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e) 3 and 5

1 and 3`

Which statements describe the function and structure of the skin? 1. Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin. 2. Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients. 3. The arrangement of epidermal ridges, mixed with sweat create fingerprints. 4. The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis. 5. The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin.

1,2,4,5

Which statements describe sebaceous glands? 1. oil producing 2. merocrine 3. holocrine 4. thermoregulation 5. sebum 6. apocrine

1,3,5

Which statements describing vitamin D are true. 1. The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light. 2. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys. 3. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. 4. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines. 5. Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity.

2,3,4

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper. You slice through your forearm and blood appears. What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep. 1. dermis 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum corneum 5. Stratum basale 6. Stratum lucidum

463251

ut the events of keratinization in order. A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules B. Cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells imbedded in lipid matrix. D. Cells within this layer proliferate

DBAC

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis. a) basale, spinosum, granulosom, corneum b) granulosom, spinosum, lucidum, corneum, basale c) corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale d) corneum, granulosom, spinosum, basale e) corneum, granulosom, lucidum, spinosum, basale

c) corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

"Goose bumps" are caused by a) contraction of arrector pili muscles. b) secretions from the sudoriferous glands. c) contraction of dermal papillae. d) stimulation of hair root plexus. e) secretions from the sebaceous gland

contraction of arrector pili muscles

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints? a) callus b) blister c) wart d) corn e) cyst

corn

The skin is known as the _________membrane. a) Cutaneous b) Mucous c) Synovial d) Serous e) Subcutaneous

cutaneous

How do nutrients reach the epidermis? a) absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin. b) utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis. c) the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living. d) diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

d) diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the a) hypodermis. b) basement membrane. c) epidermis. d) dermis. e) subcutaneous (subQ) layer.

dermis

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting? a) hemangioma b) keratosis c) hives d) eczema

eczema

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the a) epidermis. b) dermis. c) hypodermis. d) subcutaneous layer. e) superficial fascia.

epidermis

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes. a) Stratum basale b) Stratum spinosum c) Stratum granulosum d) Stratum lucidum e) Stratum corneum

stratum basale

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the a) stratum basale b) stratum spinosum c) stratum granulosum d) stratum lucidum e) stratum corneum

stratun granulosum

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation? a) Melanocytes b) Sebaceous glands c) Sweat glands d) Stratum lucidum e) Epidermal ridges

sweat glands

) In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect a) the ability to thermoregulate b) the ability to grow hair c) the ability to feel sensations d) the ability to produce vitamin D

the ability to thermoregulate

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange? a) The pigment carotene is stored there. b) The pigment hemoglobin is stored there. c) The pigment pheomelanin is stored there. d) The pigment eumelanin is stored there. e) The pigment keratin is stored there.

the pigment carotene is stored there

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are a) urticaria b) contusions c) papules d) cysts e) calluses

urticaria