Chapter 5 bio chpt review

Which line in the graph represents the bag that contained a solution isotonic to the 0.6 M solution at the beginning of the experiment? A B C D E

C

Which of the following would diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most slowly, if at all? A. CO2 B. water C. glucose D. an amino acid E. O2

D. an amino acid

ou know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because it _____. A cell in a solution. There are much more particles outside the cell than inside. Water moves outside the cell, and the cell is wrinkled. A. hypotonic ... lysed B. hypotonic ... is turgid C. hypertonic ... gained water D. hypertonic solution ... lost water E. hypertonic ... lysed

D. hypertonic solution ... lost water

What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane? A. pinocytosis B. passive transport C. phagocytosis D. diffusion E. osmosis

E. osmosis

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to this animation? A. Both sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients. B. Potassium ions are transported down their concentration gradient. C The cell is not expending energy. D. The cell does not expend ATP. E. Sodium ions are transported down their concentration gradient.

A. Both sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients.

A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water equal to the volume of blood lost − is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A. The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells. B. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells. C. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells. D. It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.

A. The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.

A primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals is to A. enable the membrane to stay fluid more easily when the temperature drops. B. facilitate cell-cell interactions by binding to receptors on neighboring cells. C. make the membrane more rigid, allowing it to resist pressure from outside the cell. D. facilitate the removal of hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.

A. enable the membrane to stay fluid more easily when the temperature drops.

The difference between pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis is that A. pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis is highly selective. B. pinocytosis can concentrate substances from the extracellular fluid, but receptor-mediated endocytosis cannot. C. pinocytosis requires cellular energy, but receptor-mediated endocytosis does not. D. pinocytosis brings only water molecules into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis brings in other molecules as well. E. pinocytosis increases the surface area of the plasma membrane, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis decreases the plasma membrane surface area.

A. pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis is highly selective.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity relationships between typical plant and animal cells and their respective environments? A. Animal cells are generally in a hypotonic solution, and plant cells are generally in an isotonic solution. B. Animal cells are generally in an isotonic solution, and plant cells are generally in a hypotonic solution. C. Animal cell are generally in a hypertonic solution, and plant cells are generally in an isotonic solution. D. Animal cells are generally in a hypertonic solution, the plant cells are generally in a hypotonic solution. E. Animal cells are generally in an isotonic solution, and plant cells are generally in a hypertonic solution.

B. Animal cells are generally in an isotonic solution, and plant cells are generally in a hypotonic solution.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane? A. It works against a concentration gradient. B. It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule. C. It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function. D. It is a peripheral membrane protein.

B. It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule.

Which of the following would diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? A. glucose B. O2 C. Na+ D. starch E. an amino acid

B. O2

Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this most probably mean? A. Cells of each domain evolved proton pumps independently when oceans became more acidic. B. Proton gradients across a membrane were used by cells that were the common ancestor of all three domains of life. C. Proton pumps must have evolved before any living organisms were present on Earth. D. Proton pumps are an essential feature of all cell membranes.

B. Proton gradients across a membrane were used by cells that were the common ancestor of all three domains of life.

A protein that spans the phospholipid bilayer one or more times is A. an extracellular matrix protein. B. a transmembrane protein. C. a glycoprotein. D. a peripheral protein.

B. a transmembrane protein.

Water passes quickly through cell membranes because A. it moves through hydrophobic channels. B. it moves through aquaporin channel proteins. C. the bilayer is hydrophilic. D. water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis. E. it is a small, nonpolar molecule.

B. it moves through aquaporin channel proteins.

The sodium-potassium pump generates the following concentration gradients across the plasma membrane: A. high [Na+] and [K+] inside the cell and low [Na+] and [K+] outside. B. low [Na+] and high [K+] inside the cell and high [Na+] and low [K+] outside. C. low [Na+] and [K+] inside the cell and high [Na+] and [K+] outside. D. high [Na+] and low [K+] inside the cell and low [Na+] and high [K+] outside.

B. low [Na+] and high [K+] inside the cell and high [Na+] and low [K+] outside.

In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules are initially localized on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Where do the receptors end up following endocytosis? A. on the inside surface of the Golgi apparatus B. on the inside surface of a vesicle C. on the inside surface of the plasma membrane D. on the outer surface of the nucleus E. on the outer surface of a vesicle

B. on the inside surface of a vesicle

Structure A is a _____. A. water molecule B. solute C. solvent D. phospholipid E. transport protein

B. solute

Structure B is a _____. A. solvent B. transport protein C. solute D. phospholipid E. water molecule

B. transport protein

This cell is in a(n) _____ solution. The cell membrane separating the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm of a cell. The concentration of the solute is higher outside the cell. The cell is shown in two states: when it was just placed in this solute and over time. Over time, the cell decreased in size. A. hypertonic or isotonic B. isotonic C. hypertonic D. hypotonic E. hypotonic and isotonic

C. hypertonic

Facilitated diffusion is a type of _______. A. pinocytosis B. phagocytosis C. passive transport D. active transport

C. passive transport

Which of the following is most likely true of a protein that cotransports glucose and sodium ions into the intestinal cells of an animal? A. Transport of glucose against its concentration gradient provides energy for uptake of sodium ions against the electrochemical gradient. B. Sodium ions can be transported whether or not glucose is present outside the cell, but glucose transport requires cotransport of sodium ions. C. Following transport of sodium ions into the cell, the cotransporter can also transport potassium ions out of the cell. D. Transport of sodium ions down their electrochemical gradient facilitates the transport of glucose against its concentration gradient. E. Sodium and glucose bind to the same site on the cotransporter.

D. Transport of sodium ions down their electrochemical gradient facilitates the transport of glucose against its concentration gradient.

The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that membranes A. consist of a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic proteins. B. consist of a single layer of phospholipids and proteins. C. consist of a phospholipid bilayer composed of a variety of fatty acids. D. consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.

D. consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids

Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis? A. movement of water into a cell through aquaporins B. movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium C. movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell D. movement of sodium ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid E. facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel

D. movement of sodium ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid

Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct? A. It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. B. It is very rapid over long distances. C. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. D. It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. E. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

E. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because the cell _____. The cell membrane separating the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm of a cell. The concentration of the solute is higher outside the cell. The cell is shown in two states: when it was just placed in this solute and over time. Over time, the cell increased in size. A. hypertonic ... lost water B. hypertonic ... gained water C. hypotonic ... shrunk D. isotonic ... neither lost nor gained water E. hypotonic ... swelled

E. hypotonic ... swelled

The primary structural components of the cell membrane are A. phospholipids and cellulose. B. cholesterol and proteins. C. proteins and cellulose. D. glycoproteins and cholesterol. E. phospholipids and proteins.

E. phospholipids and proteins.

Submerging a plant cell in distilled water will result in A.lysis of the cell membrane. B. bursting of the cell. C. plasmolysis of the cell. D. the cell becoming flaccid. E. the cell becoming turgid.

E. the cell becoming turgid.

When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from where they are ______ to where they are _________. Diffusion across a biological membrane is called _________. less concentrated more concentrated active transport passive transport

more concentrated to less concentrated. passive transport