Chapter 5 Connect Quiz Answers

Steve has been binge drinking at a pub with friends. His vision is blurred, and he does not seem to understand why his friends are telling him to call a cab home. He is confused and thinks that he is already at his home. Steve's symptoms indicate that the percentage of alcohol in his blood is most likely around

0.30 percent

People are likely to become comatose when their blood alcohol levels reach ___.

0.50 percent

The ___ focuses on the random electrical energy that the brain produces during REM sleep, possible as a result of changes in the production of particular neurotransmitters

Active-synthesis theory

Which of the following is a narcotic?

Morphine

Bella is worried about her upcoming exams. Although she has been studying diligentyly for the past two months, she keeps having a dream in which her mind goes blank as soon as she starts writing her exam paper. Sometimes, in her dreams, she forgets the way to that examination hall. In the given scenario, Bella's dreams illustrate the _____.

Dreams-for-survival theory

Narcotics, such as heroin, are drugs that

Increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety

Which of the following statements is true of the activation information modulation (AIM) theory?

It suggests that the particular scenario a dreamer produces is not random but instead is a clue to the dreamer's fears, emotions, and concerns.

Jordan is a Caucasian child raised by his bith parents in the US. Adia was born in Africa. She lives with her African American adoptive parents in the US. Hua is a Vietnamese boy living with hi biological parents in a tight-knit community of recent Vietnamese immigrants in an American city. All else being equal, what might we predict regarding the relative likelihood of these three children developing a problem with alcohol later in life?

Jordan and Adia are more likely to develop a problem with alcohol than is Hua.

____ is a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness.

Meditation

Which of the following statements is true of daydreams?

People are awake when they construct daydreams

____ drugs influence a person's emotions, perceptions, and behaviors.

Psychoactive

The dreams-for survival theory

Suggests that dreams represent key concerns growing out of our daily experiences

Which of the following statements is true of the body's circadian rhythms? a. They are controlled by the corpus callosum b. They speed up the heart before dawn to prepare us for the day's challenges c. They remain unaffected by the relative amount of light and darkness to which we are exposed d. They are biological processes that occur regularly on approximately a 28-day cycle

b. They speed up the heart before dawn to prepare us for the day's challenges

Ethan feels the he has been sleeping through the night, but he wakes up and feels fatigued the whole day. Ethan's doctor tells Ethan that he has most likely been waking up frequently in the night because of obst4ructed breathing while sleeping, in the given scenario, the doctor most likely suspects that Ethan is suffering from a. Bruxism b. Night terrors c. Narcolepsy d. Sleep apnea

d. Sleep apnea

______ in the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves. a. Stage 4 sleep b. Stage 3 sleep c. Stage 2 sleep d. Stage 1 sleep

d. Stage 1 sleep

How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep stages?

90 minutes

_____ is the most widely used depressant in the US

alcohol

Which drug mentioned below is correctly matched with its class? a. Cocaine - depressant b. Caffeine - stimulant c. Marijuana - depressant d. Heroin - hallucinogen

b. Caffeine - stimulant

In the context of alcohol consumption, which of the following statements is true of the differences between women and men? a. Women are typically heavier drinkers than are men. b. Alcohol abuse harms the brains of women less than it harms the brains of men. c. Teenage girls drink significantly less alcohol than do teenage boys. d. Women are more susceptible to the effects of alcohol than are men.

d. Women are more susceptible to the effects of alcohol than are men.

For women, binge drinking is defined as having ____ drinks in one sitting.

four or more

The use of _____ results in euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, and disoriented behavior.

hallucinogens

Compared with brain waves observed in stage 2 sleep, the brain waves in stage 3 sleep _____.

have higher peaks

Robert suffers from chronic pain but does not like to take medication. He visits a therapist who helps him concentrate on relaxing different parts of his body. The therapist then suggests Robert's pain is gradually reducing, and Robert experiences a gradual decline in pain, in the given scenario, the therapist is most likely using the technique of

hypnosis

_____ is/are sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep that are accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal.

night terrors

According to activation information modulation (AIM) theory, dreams are initiated in the brain's

pons

Momentary interruptions of spiky waves called sleep spindles are characteristics of ____ sleep.

stage 2

______ is the deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation.

stage 3 sleep

The earliest psychologists, including Willian James

suggested that the study of sensuousness was central to the filed of psychology.

Most people today sleep between ____ hours each night. a. 7 and 8 b. 10 and 11 c. 2 and 3 d. 4 and 5

a. 7 and 8

Which of the following is a recommended solution if one has trouble sleeping? a. Avoiding sleeping pills b. Drinking coffee just before bedtime c. Avoiding milk after lunch d. Trying to induce sleep by lying in bed

a. Avoiding sleeping pills

During daydreaming, a. Brain areas that are associated with complex problem solving become activated. b. Receptor cells get some necessary rest that helps increase their sensitivity during periods of wakefulness. c. Brain activity is reduced as a result of weakened neural connections to conserve energy. d. The brain engages in reverse learning to eliminate unnecessary information.

a. Brain areas that are associated with complex problem solving become activated.

According to hypnosis researcher Ernest Hilgard, hypnosis brings about a dissociation of consciousness into two simultaneous components. This is known as a. Divided consciousness b. Simultaneous consciousness c. Complementary consciousness d. Binary consciousness

a. Divided consciousness

Which of the following statements is TRUE of dreams occurring in REM sleep and NREM sleep? a. Dreams occur in NREM sleep, but less frequently than in REM sleep; NREM dreams are also less vivid than dreams in REM sleep b. Dreams are equally likely to occur in REM and NREM sleep c. Dreams occur in NREM sleep, but less frequently than in REM sleep; however, NREM dreams are more vivid than dreams in REM sleep d. Dreams occur only in REM sleep

a. Dreams occur in NREM sleep, but less frequently than in REM sleep; NREM dreams are also less vivid than dreams in REM sleep

In the _____, dreams represent concerns about our daily lives, illustrating our uncertainties, indecisions, ideas, and desires. a. Dreams-for-survival theory b. Activation-synthesis theory c. Expectation-fulfillment theory of dreaming d. Unconscious wish fulfillment theory

a. Dreams-for-survival theory

Fawn consumed a large amount of the most popular street drug at a party. It gave her a sense of energy and alertness although she also became anxious and irritable. Which of the following drugs has she most likely consumed? a. Methamphetamine b. Rohypnol c. Heroin d. Marijuana

a. Methamphetamine

____ refers to uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods while a person is awake. a. Narcolepsy b. Sleep apnea c. Night terror d. Bruxism

a. Narcolepsy

Which of the following compounds is the active ingredient in marijuana? a. Tetrahydrocannabinol b. Serotonin c. Tryptophan d. Benzylisoquinoline

a. Tetrahydrocannabinol

Which of the following is true of people who participated in sleep deprivation experiments? a. They show a decline in logical reasoning ability. b. Their creativity levels remain unchanged. c. They are more alert than people who do not take part in such experiments. d. Most people suffer permanent consequences of temporary sleep deprivation experiment.

a. They show a decline in logical reasoning ability.

Which of the following statements is true of drugs? a. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) causes feminine traits in men. b. Caffeine has addictive aspects. c. Marijuana is highly addictive. d. Nicotine acts as a manner similar to barbiturates.

b. Caffeine has addictive aspects.

Hypnosis can help you a. Relieve experiences you had as a very small child. b. Improve athletic performance. c. Recall memories you've long forgotten. d. Stop drug and alcohol abuse.

b. Improve athletic performance.

Identify a true statement about drug addiction. a. Almost all addictive drugs take about the same amount of time to cause addiction. b. In psychological drug dependence, drug addicts believe they need the drug they are addicted to for responding to stresses of daily living. c. Almost all addictive drugs affect the brain in the same way. d. In psychological drug dependence, drug addicts have a misconception that once addicted to a drug, their bodies cannot function without it.

b. In psychological drug dependence, drug addicts believe they need the drug they are addicted to for responding to stresses of daily living.

Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep? a. It is the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep b. It is a shallower state of sleep than stage 3 sleep c. The heart rate slows down as a person moves from stage 3 to REM sleep d. Skeletal muscles become hyperactive during the stage

b. It is a shallower state of sleep than stage 3 sleep

Identify a true statement about hypnosis. a. It confuses witnesses, who end up providing inaccurate details about a crime. b. It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth. c. It can help cure cocaine addiction. d. It is known to negatively affect the performances of athletes.

b. It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth.

According to Freud, the __ content of dreams is the disguised meanings of dreams, hidden by more obvious subjects. a. Manifest b. Latent c. Evident d. Apparent

b. Latent

When large amounts of depressants are taken, a. A sense of euphoria and joy is induced b. Muscle control becomes disjointed c. Aesthetic responses become heightened d. Sensitivity to faces and gestures becomes heightened

b. Muscle control becomes disjointed

Which of the following is TRUE of altered state of consciousness? a. People's sense of time becomes more distinct. b. People feel a sense of ineffability. c. People start thinking logically. d. People gain self-control.

b. People feel a sense of ineffability.

In which of the following applications has hypnosis proven to be least successful? a. Relieving pain b. Stopping alcohol and drug abuse c. Treating psychological disorders d. Improving athletic performance

b. Stopping alcohol and drug abuse

Which of the following statements is more accurate regarding potential cross-cultural variation in the attempt to alter consciousness? a. The attempt to alter consciousness appears to be universal as are the particular means to do so. b. The attempt to alter consciousness appears to be universal, but the particular means to do so vary from culture to culture. c. The attempt to alter consciousness appears in some cultures, but not in others among those cultures in which it appears the means to alter consciousness vary dramatically. d. The attempt to alter consciousness appears in some cultures, but not in others among those cultures in which it appears, though the means to alter consciousness are much the same.

b. The attempt to alter consciousness appears to be universal, but the particular means to do so vary from culture to culture.

Which of the following is the first step in the hypnosis process? a. The subject is brought to a highly relaxed state. b. The hypnotist explains what is going to happen c. A person is made comfortable in a quiet environment d. The hypnotist tells the person to concentrate on a specific, object, or image.

c. A person is made comfortable in a quiet environment

The effects of using steroids are a. Apathy, difficulty in concentration, slowed speech, decreased physical activity, and drooling. b. Weakness, restlessness, nausea and vomiting, headaches, and nightmares c. Acne, mood swings, masculine traits in women, and feminine traits in men. d. Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, nightmares, and disoriented behavior.

c. Acne, mood swings, masculine traits in women, and feminine traits in men.

Which of the following withdrawal symptoms are related to the use of stimulants? a. Sneezing, diarrhea, lower back pain, watery eyes, runny nose b. Acute anxiety, hallucinations, seizures, possible death c. Apathy, general fatigue, prolonged sleep d. Decreased appetite, weight loss, women may note menstrual changes

c. Apathy, general fatigue, prolonged sleep

Continued Ecstasy use may be associated with a. Lung damage b. Decreased testosterone production c. Memory difficulties d. Flashbacks

c. Memory difficulties

Hypnosis can be used to a. Force people to reveal hidden truths about themselves b. Force a person to perform antisocial acts c. Modify self-defeating thoughts d. Cure alcoholism

c. Modify self-defeating thoughts

According to an examination of more than 500 million tweets and their inclusion of words with positive and negative associations, researchers found that people tended to be happier during which part of the day? a. Mid-day b. At the end of the workday c. Morning d. Early afternoon

c. Morning

Based on your reading of the text, ____ may play a role in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). a. Bruxism b. Insomnia c. Sleep apnea d. Narcolepsy

c. Sleep apnea

Which category of psychoactive drugs mentioned below is correctly matched with its effects on thoughts and behavior? a. Narcotics - produce changes in sensory perception b. Hallucinogens - slow down the nervous system c. Stimulants - increase the activity of the central nervous system d. Depressants - capable of producing hallucinations

c. Stimulants - increase the activity of the central nervous system

Marijuana is extracted from

cannabis

______ drugs produce a biological or psychological dependence in the user so that withdrawal from them leads to a craving for the drug that, in some cases, may be nearly irresistible a. Antibiotic b. Therapeutic c. Interferon d. Addictive

d. Addictive

Taking amphetamines over long periods of time can cause a. Depressed levels of consciousness b. Pinpoint pupils c. Low blood pressure d. Feelings of being persecuted by others

d. Feelings of being persecuted by others

Which of the following drugs is derived from the poppy seed pod? a. Methamphetamine b. Cocaine c. Rohypnol d. Heroin

d. Heroin