Chapter 5 (Essential of Human A&P)

What type of vertebra have opening in their transverse process that guide the vertebral arteries up toward the brain?

Cervical

A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragment is a ___ .

Comminuted Fracture

2. ____: ability to stretch without breaking: due to collagen fibers and other organic parts

Tensile Strength

Metatarsal

The bones between the phalanges and tarsals are the ___

Malleolus

The mallet-shapes protrusion on the inside of the ankle is the medial ___

Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthroses.

True

Hypercalcemia promoted the deposition of calcium to bones using osteoblasts.

True

Teeth are anchored in the maxillary bones and the mandible.

True

The arrangement of lamellae around central (Haversian) canals forms osteons.

True

The intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of fibrocartilage.

True

The medical malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula form the two parts of the ankle.

True

The skeletal system is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton , the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body, and the appendicular skeleton, the bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the skeleton.

True

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

True

Which of the following could create an open , or compound; fracture ?

When the broken bone penetrates through the skin

Each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as

an osteon (Haversian system)

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?

articular cartilage

Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.

articulation, joint

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage from the ___ skeleton

axial

What is the function of red bone marrow?

blood cell formation

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains ________.

blood vessels and nerve fibers

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicated that __

bone length is increasing

The axial skeleton contains _____. 1. Skull 2. Scapula 3. True and False Ribs 4. Vertebrae 5. Phalanges

1,3,4

Which spinal curvature develops as an infant begins to hold up his or her head?

cervical

From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae?

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

The tailbone is the

coccyx

In what type of fracture is the bone broken into many fragments?

comminuted

4. _____ bone breaks into many fragments

comminuted fracture

2. ____ Broken bone portion is pushed inward

depression fracture

Julie experienced a break in the shaft of her femur. What part of her bone was fractured?

diaphysis

What term refers the end of a long bone ?

epiphysis

The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are ____.

fontanels

The head of the humerus fits into the ________ of the scapula.

glenoid cavity

An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ________ fracture, is commonly seen in children.

greenstick

1. _____ Incomplete bone break

greenstick fracture

The physician knew her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the x-ray revealed a(n) _____.

greenstick fracture

The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.

hematoma

The elbow is classified as a(n) ________.

hinge joint

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

hyaline cartilage

What bone does not articulate with any other bone?

hyoid

During soccer practice, Sadie tripped and tried to stop her fall with her outstretched arms. Her humerus broke and the broken ends were forced into each other. Sadie suffered a(n) __________ fracture.

impacted

5. ____ broken bone ends are forced into each other

impacted fracture

The hyoid bone is unique because it ___.

is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

What is the region of the coxal bone that bears most of the body weight when a person is sitting ?

ischial tuberosity

What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint ?

joint cavity

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as

long bones

Which spinal curvature is associated with the lower back and appears when a baby begins to walk ?

lumbar

The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the ___.

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Which of these bones form the hard palate?

maxillary and palatine

Which bones form the palm of the hand?

metacarpal bones

What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?

osteoblast

During the repair of a fracture, which of the following cells form the bony callus?

osteoblasts

What causes the pain associated with a herniated disc?

pressure on spinal nerves by the protruding disc

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system

regulation of blood pressure

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.

short

Janetta has a frontal headache and pressure over her cheekbones and between her eyes. She has a thick nasal discharge and congestion. Janetta mostly likely has __________.

sinusitis

Which bone of the cranium contains a small depression that surrounds the pituitary gland?

sphenoid bone

3. ____ Ragged bone break resulting from twisting forces

spiral fracture

Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?

sternum

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to:

store adipose tissue

Immovable joints are functionally classified as

synarthroses

How is a ball-and-socket joint classified?

synovial joint

Plane , hinge, and pivot joints are examples of ___.

synovial joints

Which bones attach directly to the sternum via the costal cartilages?

true ribs

Which two bones constitute the forearm?

ulna and radius

What bones protect the spinal cord?

vertebrae

Which of the following is advised treatment for gout ?

weight loss; avoid foods high in nucleic acids; avoid alcohol; take ibuprofen

Which bones are commonly referred to as the cheekbones?

zygomatic bones

The prefix _ means "bone."

Osteo-

Figure 5.3 - The arrangement of bone tissue shown in the figure consists of ____.

Osteons ( Haversian systems)

Mothers who breast-feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

What type of joint is found between the atlas and the send of the axis?

Pivot

Hasan is a three-year-old boy who lives in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is small for his age, has bowed legs, exhibits muscle weakness, and complains often of pain in his bones. Hasan most likely has __________.

Rickets

The prefix _ means together

Syn-

There are four stages in healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages ? 1. Bony callus formation 2. Bone remodeling 3. Fibrocartilage Callus formation 4. Hematoma formation

4, 3, 1, 2

Amphiarthrosis

A joint that is slightly moveable is classified as a(n) ____ joint

Synovial

A membrane that holds the elbow joint together is called a(n) ___ membrane.

Osteoclast

A(n) ___ is a cell that breaks down bone matrix.

The prefix _ means "hammer."

Malle-

The prefix _ means "both."

Amphi-

The prefix _ means "between," "along" or "after"

Meta-

A fracture in the _ can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child.

Epiphyseal Plate

Which of the following is only found associated with child's bone?

Epiphyseal Plate

Broken bones do not bleed since bone tissue is avascular.

False

The last two pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they have no attachment to the sternum.

False

Two basic types of bone tissue are compact bone and smooth bones .

False

Which of these statement describes a function of fontanels?

Fontanels allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during childbirth

The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cords and brain to connect is the ___.

Foramen Magnum

1. _____: abilty to resist compression ; due to calcium salts

Hardness

Figure 5.2 - The parietal bone is indicated by

Label A

Figure 5.1 - The proximal epiphysis is represented by

Label B

Figure 5.1 - The diaphysis is indicated by ____.

Label C

Figure 5.1 - The periosteum, a connective tissue covering on the diaphysis, is represented by ___.

Label F

Figure 5.2 - The ilium, pubis, and ischium fuse to form the bone marked by ___

Label G

Figure 5.1 - The area that serves as a storage area for fat in adults is indicated by

Label H

Figure 5.2- The patellar is indicted by___.

Label I

Figure 5.2 - the mandible is indicated by ____.

Label N

Figure 5.2 - The manubrium and xiphoid process are markings on the bone indicated by ____.

Label O

Figure 5.2 - The radius bone is indicated by __

Label Q

Figure 5.2 - The carpals are indicated by ___.

Label T

Figure 5.2 - The fibula is indicted by ___.

Label X