Chapter 5

The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes ______.

insulin

High fiber foods delay stomach emptying:

Helps promote weight control

Devin has type 2 diabetes. Compared to a healthy person, his blood sugar levels remain higher after a meal, because his ______.

cells don't respond to the insulin that his pancreas releases

Individuals with type 2 diabetes have cells that _______

don't respond normally to insulin

Lucia usually puts her 7-month-old infant to bed with a baby bottle that contains an iron-fortified infant formula. This particular formula provides about 1g protein, 1g fat, and 2 g carbohydrate per ounce. Because Lucia's baby is consuming the formula at bedtime, the child has a high risk of developing gallstones.

false

According to the latest version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, _______ is a "nutrient of public health" concern, because many Americans don't consume enough of it.

fiber

Brandon has untreated type 1 diabetes. His blood sugar level remains high after a meal because ________.

his pancreas doesn't release insulin

Darryl is a healthy 21-year-old. After he eats a meal, his beta cells release ______, which causes his blood glucose level to _______.

insulin; decrease

Commonly referred to as "milk sugar," _______ is comprised of a glucose and a galactose molecule.

lactose

After eating a meal, a healthy person's _______.

pancreas releases insulin

Consuming excessive amounts of refined carbohydrates can contribute to health problems, because _______.

they may not satisfy hunger, so people feel hungry soon after eating them

Which of the following disorders, conditions, or events is a serious health consequence of poorly-controlled gestational diabetes? (Check all that apply.)

1. Miscarriage 2. Premature birth 3. Stillbirth

Identify risk factors that increase an American's risk for developing type 2 diabetes. (Check all that apply.)

1. Mother and older brother have type 2 diabetes 2. Personal history of developing type 2 diabetes during pregnancy 3. Lack of physical activity 4. Obesity 5. Hispanic ancestry

Alternative sweeteners ("sugar substitutes") are sweet yet supply little or no energy. Which of the following substances is classified as an alternative sweetener? (Check all that apply.)

1. Neotame 2. Sucralose 3. Saccharin

Over time, untreated or poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus ("diabetes") causes much harm to the body. Which of the following disorders, conditions, or events is a serious health consequence of poorly-controlled diabetes, including gestational diabetes? (Check all that apply.)

1. Nerve damage 2. Kidney failure 3. Heart disease

Brandy has a strong family history of type 2 diabetes in her family. She recently saw her physician and inquired about the levels of blood glucose that are used to diagnose diabetes. Match the blood glucose level with its appropriate classification. 1. 70-99 mg/dl 2. less than 70 mg/dl 3. 100-125 mg/dl 4. 126 mg/dl or higher

1. Normal fasting blood glucose 2. Hypoglycemia 3. Pre-diabetes 4. Diabetes

Soluble fiber lowers blood cholesterol:

Reduces cardiovascular disease risk

Lactose intolerance is a form of milk allergy.

False

Match the enzyme to its action in carbohydrate digestion. 1. Amylase 2. Lactase 3. Maltase 4. Sucrase

1. Begins the breakdown of starch in the mouth 2. Breaks disaccharide into glucose and galactose 3. Breaks disaccharide into two molecules of glucose 4. Breaks disaccharide into glucose and fructose

Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make the disaccharide in the right-hand column?

1. Glucose + Glucose = Maltose 2. Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose 3. Glucose + Galactose = Lactose

Describe the digestion, absorption, and transport of carbohydrates by matching each process to the appropriate organ. 1. Salivary Glands 2. Stomach 3. Liver 4. Small Intestine 5. Large Intestine 6. Rectum

1. If you place a cracker on your tongue, an enzyme released by these glands begins starch digestion. 2. If you eat a bowl of spaghetti, when it reaches this organ, the acidic environment stops the activity of salivary amylase 3.After sugars from a breakfast of cereal and milk are absorbed into the intestinal bloodstream, they are transported to this organ 4. The absorption of most of the nutrients and carbohydrate from a snack of granola and yogurt occurs in this organ 5. The soluble fiber from an apple is broken down or fermented in this digestive organ 6. Very little carbohydrate from a bowl of rice remains by the time food reaches this part of the digestive tract

Which of the following disorders, conditions, or events is a serious health consequence of poorly-controlled diabetes, including gestational diabetes? (Check all that apply.)

1. Miscarriage 2. Premature birth 3. Stillbirth

Match each description or function with the correct form of fiber. 1. Soluble fiber 2. Insoluble fiber

1. Soluble - the thickening agent in jellies and jams - the type of fibers found in apples and oatmeal - the type of fiber that absorbs water - the type of fiber this is thought to have cholesterol-lowing properties 2. Insoluble - the type of fiber that does not dissolve in water - the fibrous non-carbohydrate found in whole grains and wheat brans - the type of fiber found in brown rice and whole wheat bread - the type of fiber responsible for bowel regularity and preventing constipation

Javier is 5 years of age. Recently, his parents noticed Javier doesn't want to play as much as before. Plus, he has a dry cough, "runny" nose, constant urge to drink fluids, and slight fever. His parents are concerned that he may have type 1 diabetes. Which of Javier's signs and symptoms are associated with type 1 diabetes? (Check all that apply.)

1. Unusual tiredness 2. Constant urge to drink fluids

This situation causes your pancreas to release 1._____________, which stimulates the breakdown of 2.____________ to glucose in the 3._________.

1. glucagon 2.glycogen 3.liver

As a result, your blood 1.__________ drops to your normal post-meal level.

1. glucose

Glucagon is a hormone that's secreted by your pancreas. Glucagon _______. (Check all that apply.)

1. raises your blood glucose level 2. promotes glycogen breakdown in the liver

After your morning class, you rush to the dining facility and eat a large slice of pizza for lunch. Following the meal, your blood sugar 1._________ as your 2._________ releases 3._________.

1. rises 2. pancreas 3. insulin

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrates is ____ g per day. This amount of carbohydrate is enough to prevent ______.

130; excess ketone formation

This morning, you overslept and woke up late for class. In a rush to leave the house, you didn't eat much for breakfast. A few hours later, your stomach is empty and your blood glucose __________

Declines

Soluble fiber slows down the absorption of glucose

Improves diabetes management

Insoluble fiber increases stool bulk and may ease bowel movements:

Lowers risk for constipation