CHAPTER 5- HISTOLOGY STUDY AND REVIEW

__________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.

Areolar tissue

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?

Collagen

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?

Hyaline cartilage

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have __________.

Hyperextensible joints

__________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. __________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

Merocrine; Holocrine

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of __________.

Metaplasia

Most kidney tubules are made of __________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

Simple cuboidal

__________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

Simple squamous; stratified squamous

__________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas __________ epithelium is rare.

Stratified squamous; stratified columnar

Skeletal muscle is described as __________.

Striated and voluntary

Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are __________ stem cells.

Totipotent

The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called __________.

a mucous membrane (mucosa)

It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of __________ in human breast cells.

apoptosis

An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________.

areolar; cartilage

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by __________, whereas _________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

chondroblasts; fibroblasts

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) __________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) __________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) __________.

complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ___________ glands.

compound acinar

The clear gel inside a cell is called __________.

cytosol

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both __________ and __________.

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

The __________ gives rise to the __________

ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis

The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of __________.

elastic cartilage

The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of _________.

epithelium and lamina propria

The basement membrane is found between __________ and __________.

epithelium; connective tissue

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except _________ tissue.

fibrous

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.

goblet

A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a __________.

histological section

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including _________.

holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to __________ of muscle cells.

hypertrophy

The histological section that divides a specimen along its long axis is called a(n) __________ section.

longitudinal

The middle primary germ layer is called __________, which gives rise to a gelatinous material called __________, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, cartilage, and blood.

mesoderm; mesenchyme

Mucin is secreted by__________ glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. _________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

mucous; serous

With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages ___________.

phagocytize and digest tissue debris

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called __________ epithelium.

simple columnar

A brush border of microvilli is found in __________ epithelium, which can be found in the __________.

simple columnar; small intestine

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium.

simple squamous

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________

smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract

Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the ___________ membrane.

synovial

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in __________.

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin

In the intestine, __________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

tight junctions

Found in the urinary bladder, __________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

transitional; stratified squamous

Blood functions to __________________.

transport nutrients to the tissues

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called _________.

Fibrosis

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?

A calcified matrix

All cells in _______ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

Pseudostratified columnar

__________ secrete __________ into __________.

Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood

The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue.

Epithelial

__________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.

Excitable

Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?

Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________.

Neuroglia

__________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the __________.

Nonkeratinized; vagina