Chapter 5 History

What were two things that Britain needed revenue from the colonies to pay for?

-Debt Britain had gained from the expenses of the French and Indian war -Payment to British soldiers who were sent to America to protect the Proclamation of 1763.

What were two laws that Britain passed after finding out about colonist smuggling goods to avoid taxes? (What was Britain's reaction to the colonists breaking the law)?

-Parliament passed a law that sent smugglers to be tried by royally appointed juries rather than elected juries. -Parliament passed the Writs of Assistance: a law that allowed officers to search any location for smuggled goods.

What were three important things the Second Continental Congress did?

-Send King George III the Olive Branch petition, which explained that the colonists wanted peace and British protection of their rights. -Established the Continental Army and named George Washington to command it -decided to write a Declaration of Independence

What advantages did the British hope to gain by limiting Western settlement with the Proclamation of 1763?

-less fighting between colonists and Native Americans -British control of the fur trade -keeping colonists close to the East coast, which made trade with Britain faster and easier

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What were the four sections of the Declaration of Independence?

1.) Preamble 2.) Rights colonists should have 3.) Grievances against Britain 4.) Declaration of being a new nation

What is a boycott?

A boycott is an act of protest in which protesters refuse to buy items.

What is an effigy?

An effigy is a mocking figure representing an unpopular individual.

What is the difference between an internal tax and an external tax?

An internal tax was payed once the goods were inside the colonies, an external tax was payed before the goods came inside the colonies.

List the battles of the Revolutionary War leading up to America's independence in order, stating whose victory they were.

Battle of Lexington & Concord, April 1775. American Victory Battle of Ticonderoga, May 1775, American Victory Battle of Bunker Hill, June 1775, British Victory

At what battle was the first shot of the American revolution fired?

Battle of Lexington, April 1775.

Why did Britain repeal the Stamp Act in 1766 and the Townshend Acts shortly after the Boston Massacre(1770)?

Because of increased boycotting from the colonists.

Why did some colonists smuggle goods before the 1760's?

Because of the taxes placed by the Navigation Acts of the 1650's- the Navigation Acts placed external taxes on all goods imported from countries that weren't Britain, and forced colonists to only trade with Britain.

What city were redcoats mainly sent to by Britain in 1768?

Boston, Massachusetts.

Who was the first colonist killed in the Boston Massacre of March 1770?

Crispus Attucks.

The Boston Tea Party happened in ___________,___(time). Colonists called the ____ _____ ____________ dressed as _______________ ____________ and threw tea off of ________ ______ _______________ Company's ships into _________ ________.

December, 1773. Sons of Liberty British East India Boston Harbor

America became independent ________(before/after) the Revolutionary War.

During

In 1763, ______ __________ was the prime minister.

George Grenville

What was King George III's response to the Olive Branch Petition?

He refused to accept the requests of the petition and instead prepared for war against the colonists.

What was Britain's reaction in 1768 to growing protests and possibility of rebellion from the colonists?

In 1768, Britain sent an army of British soldiers--called "redcoats" by the colonists--to occupy colonial cities.

What did he Proclamation of 1763 do?

It helped Britain control the new land they had gained from the French and Indian war by keeping colonists East of the Appalachian mountains.

When did the Second Continental Congress meet?

May 1775 (during first three battles of revolution).

Who made the famous "Boston Massacre" engraving?

Paul Revere.

What is propaganda?

Propaganda is information given to the public for the purpose of influencing opinion on a certain issue.

In 1770, colonists began to spread __________ that British soldiers had killed colonists.

Propaganda.

What did increase in boycotting after the Boston Massacre cause Britain to do?

Repeal the Townshend Acts, except for the one on tea.

What is revenue?

Revenue is the incoming money from taxes or other sources.

Explain the chain of events in the Boston Massacre and when they happened.

The Boston Massacre happened on March 5th, 1770. A fight broke out between Bostonians and British Soldiers, and the Bostonians began throwing sticks and rocks at the soldiers and encouraging the soldiers to fight back. Nervous, the soldiers fired into the crowd and killed five colonists.

When was the first Constitutional convention? What was it & what did it do?

The Constitutional Convention was a meeting in Philadelphia in 1774, between 12/13 of the state's delegates. At the meeting: -Delegates declared Britain's acts a violation of rights and wrote a statement asking Parliament to repeal several laws -Voted to boycott trade with Britain on ALL goods, ALL colonies -Decided to approve the Suffolk Resolves- which called for Colonists to arm themselves against the British.

What month & what year was the Declaratory act passed? What statement did it make?

The Declaratory act was passed in March 1766 at the same time that the Stamp Act was repealed. The Declaratory Act stated that Britain had the right to tax colonists in all cases.

What was the result of the Stamp Act Congress, a meeting of nine colony's delegates in New York in October 1765?

The Stamp Act Congress sent a statement to the King and Parliament declaring that only colonial assemblies had the right to tax the colonists.

What was the Stamp Act? When was it passed and what problem did it attempt to solve?

The Stamp Act was passed in 1765. It put a tax on printed items, such as newspapers and letters. Every paper sent needed a stamp on it to show that the tax had been payed for. The problem it was meant to solve was the debt from the French and Indian War.

In March 1766, which law was repealed by Britain due to boycott protests by colonists? Which act was also passed at that time by Parliament?

The Stamp Act was repealed by Britain in 1766. However, the Declaratory Act was also passed, which stated that Britain had the right to tax colonists "in all cases".

What was the Sugar Act? When was it passed and what problem did it attempt to solve?

The Sugar Act was a law that lowered the tax on molasses imported to the colonies. It was passed in 1764, and was an attempt to stop/lower the amount of colonist smuggling.

What was the Tea Act and when was it passed? Why were colonies unhappy with this Act?

The Tea Act was passed in 1773 (After the repealing of Townshend Acts except for tea taxes). It lowered some taxes on tea, but gave the British East India Company almost total control of the tea industry in the colonies. Colonists were not happy with this act because they did not want to pay taxes on tea whatsoever, and did not want Britain telling them which tea company they had to buy from. This led to the Boston Tea Party, which took place that December.

What were the Townshend Acts (1767) passed by Parliament onto the colonies, and how were they different from the Stamp Act?

The Townshend Acts taxed imported items such as tea, glass, and paper. They were different from the Stamp Act because the Stamp Act was an internal tax, meaning it was paid inside the colonies. The Townshend Acts were external taxes, meaning that they were payed by the colonists before the goods arrived.

What the committee of correspondence? What year was it made and who created it?

The committee of correspondence was a group patriots who shared their writings of complaints against the British. The committee of correspondence was made in 1772 by Samuel Adams.

What was the British goal in the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775)?

The goal of the British in the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775) was to destroy colonist camps set up near their own camp. The battle took place across from Boston Harbor, and the British won.

What was the goal of the British in the Battle of Lexington and Concord (April 1775)? Did they achieve this goal?

The goal of the British in the Battle of Lexington and Concord (1775) was to raid colonist's weapons at an arsenal in Concord, Massachusetts. They did not entirely achieve their goal, since most weapons were taken by colonist militia before they got there.

What was the goal of the colonists in the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga (May 1775)? Did the colonists achieve their goal?

The goal of the colonists in the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga (May 1775) was to conquer the British fort of Ticonderoga. They succeeded.

What were colonists arguments about why the Stamp Act and other taxing laws were unfair?

They believed that only their own establishments had the right to tax them, and that there had to be consent from the colonies before the tax laws were passed.

What were colonist's arguments about why the Writs of Assistance were unfair?

They believed that soldiers did not have the right to search their property and wanted to feel secure in their homes.

What did the British learn from the Battle of Bunker hill and previous battles of the Revolution?

They learned that fighting the colonists would be more difficult than they had thought.

How did the redcoats sent by Britain in 1768 act towards the colonists?

They were rude and stole from local shops because they earned little pay from Britain. They also got into fights with colonists and competed for jobs that they wanted.

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Which former philosopher was his inspiration?

Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence. He used John Locke's idea of natural rights and the social contract to explain why the colonists should be free.

What was Britain's reaction to the Boston Tea Party? What did patriots call these Acts? (What three things did the acts do)?

To punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party, Britain passed the Coercive Acts. The Coercive Acts: -Closed down Boston Harbor until all the lost tea was payed for. -Banned town meetings in Massachusetts. -Forced colonists to allow soldiers to live among them. Patriots called these the Intolerable Acts.

Colonists used committees of _____________ to share beliefs about Britain's tax laws and events leading up to independence.

correspondence