Chapter 5 integumentary system

"Goose bumps" are caused by a) contraction of arrector pili muscles. b) secretions from the sudoriferous glands. c) contraction of dermal papillae. d) stimulation of hair root plexus. e) secretions from the sebaceous gland.

contraction of arrector pili muscle

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis. a) basale, spinosum, granulosom, corneum b) granulosom, spinosum, lucidum, corneum, basale c) corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale d) corneum, granulosom, spinosum, basale e) corneum, granulosom, lucidum, spinosum, basale

corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

Which statements are true? 1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum. 2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles. 3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum. 4. Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses. a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 1 and 4 c) 2, 3, 4 d) 1 and 2 e) 3 and 4

d) 1 and 2

Put the events of keratinization in order. A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules B. Cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells imbedded in lipid matrix. D. Cells within this layer proliferate a) d,b,c,a b) a,b,d,c c) b,d,a,c d) d,b,a,c

d) d, b, a, c

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the a) hypodermis. b) basement membrane. c) epidermis. d) dermis. e) subcutaneous (subQ) layer.

d) dermis

How do nutrients reach the epidermis? a) absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin. b) utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis. c) the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living. d) diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the a) dermis b) epidermis c) stratum corneum d) stratum basale e) hypodermis

e) hypodermis

Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin? Select all that apply. a) Arrector pili b) Epidermal ridges c) Sweat glands d) Eponychium e) Oil glands f) Lamellar granules

e) oil glands f) lamellar granules

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin? a) carotene production b) melanin production c) tyrosine production d) hemoglobin production e) keratin production

melanin production

In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect a) the ability to thermoregulate b) the ability to grow hair c) the ability to feel sensations d) the ability to produce vitamin D

the ability to thermoregulate

Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine, unpigmented hairs to help with warmth and insulation. Which type of hair is described? a) Terminal b) Vellus c) Lanugo d) Papilla

c) lanugo

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults? a) hirsutism b) pallor c) jaundice d) male-pattern baldness e) erythema

male pattern baldness

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange? a) The pigment carotene is stored there. b) The pigment hemoglobin is stored there. c) The pigment pheomelanin is stored there. d) The pigment eumelanin is stored there. e) The pigment keratin is stored there.

The pigment carotene is stored there

Which statements describe the function and structure of the skin? 1. Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin. 2. Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients. 3. The arrangement of epidermal ridges, mixed with sweat create fingerprints. 4. The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis. 5. The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin. a) 1, 2, 5 b) 1, 2, 4, 5 c) 1, 2, 3, 5 d) 3, 4, 5 e) 1 and 5

1, 2, 4, 5

Which statements describe sebaceous glands? 1. oil producing 2. merocrine 3. holocrine 4. thermoregulation 5. sebum 6. apocrine a) 1, 3, 5 b) 2, 4, 6 c) 1, 2, 4, 6 d) 1, 2, 5 e) 3, 5, 6

1,3,5

Which statements describing vitamin D are true. 1. The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light. 2. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys. 3. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. 4. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines. 5. Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity. a) 1, 2, 3 b) 2, 3, 4 c) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 d) 2, 4, 5 e) 2 and 4

2,3,4

b) D

In the diagram of skin shown below, where is smooth muscle found? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G

c) G

In the diagram of skin shown below, which area is primarily composed of areolar connective tissue? a) E b) F c) G d) H e) A

a) A

In the diagram of skin shown below, which labeled structure generates fingerprints? a) A b) B c) G d) D

a) C

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structure illustrates that thin skin is present? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) H

C, E, F

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structures are composed of stratified cuboidal tissue? Select all that apply a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E f) F g) G h) H

G

In the diagram, where are actively dividing cells located? a) A b) B c) E d) F e) G

G

In the diagram, where does apoptosis occur? a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I

E

In the diagram, which area is composed of areolar connective tissue? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

E

In the diagram, which is the papilla of the hair? a) A b) C c) E d) F e) G

c) E

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, which area acts similar to stratum basale, with mitotic cells? a) A b) C c) E d) F e) G

A, C, E, F, G

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, which area is avascular? Select all that apply. a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E f) F g) G

B

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, a hangnail is associated with drying of what area? a) A b) B c) E d) F e) G

c) D

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, the area that lacks the stratum granulosum is primarily protected by a) B b) C c) D d) F e) G

d) D

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, which area is comparable to the stratum corneum with visible vascular tissue beneath? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

c) D

In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer do new cells arise? a) A b) B c) D d) E e) F

b) B

In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer is only seen in thick skin? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

d) D

In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer will contain melanocyte projections, keratinocytes and intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells)? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is a) cyanosis b) pallor c) jaundice d) alopecia e) erythema

Jaundice

Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury? a) abrasion b) blister c) keloid d) laceration e) cyst

Laceration

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c? a) Papillary region of the dermis b) Reticular region of the dermis c) Subcutaneous layer d)Hypodermis e) Epidermis

Reticular region of the dermis

d) F

In the diagram of a hair root shown, which area is composed of dense connective tissue? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper. You slice through your forearm and blood appears. What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep. 1. dermis 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum corneum 5. Stratum basale 6. Stratum lucidum a) 1, 5, 2, 3, 6, 4 b) 1, 5, 2, 3, 4 c) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 d) 4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1

4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1

A

In the diagram of a hair root shown, which area may be missing in thinner hair? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints? a) callus b) blister c) wart d) corn e) cyst

Corn

The skin is known as the _________membrane. a) Cutaneous b) Mucous c) Synovial d)Serous e)Subcutaneous

Cutaneous

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop? a) Endoderm b) Ectoderm c) Mesoderm d) Both endoderm and ectoderm.

Ectoderm

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting? a) hemangioma b) keratosis c) hives d) eczema

Eczema

A, B

In the diagram of a hair root shown, where does melanin get deposited? Select all that apply. a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are a) urticaria b) contusions c) papules d) cysts e) calluses

Urticaria

B and D

Which area contains areolar connective tissue? Select all that apply. a) B b) D c) C d) E e) G f) J

E

Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue? a) B b) D c) C d) E

a) A

Which of the following areas in the diagram below gives the wound temporary integrity from external factors, like microbes? a) A b) B c) D d) H

d) Epithelium is migrating across wound.

Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point B in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below? a) Blood clot is forming. b) New collagen fibers are forming. c) Damaged blood vessels are being repaired. d) Epithelium is migrating across wound. e) Scar tissue is forming.

b) C

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below create the framework of fibers that new tissue is built? a) B b) C c) E d) F

b. Thick skin contains five stratum's

Which statement best describes why the diagram represents thick skin? Choose the best answer. a) Thick skin lacks melanocytes. b) Thick skin contains five stratums. c) Thick skin epithelia is vascular. d) Thick skin epithelia is avascular. e) Thick skin contains stem cells.

C

Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) G

D

Which structure in the figure produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV radiation? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) G

A

Which structure in the figure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals? a) A b) B c) C d) D

c) G

Which structure is primarily responsible for thermoregulation? a) A b) F c) G d) H e) I

e) F

Which structure would recognize pulling of the skin during stiches even after a doctor anesthetizes the area? a) A b) H c) G d) I e) F

e)I

Which structures house Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings and capillary loops? a) A b) F c) G d) H e) I

A

Which structures in the figure are sensitive to warmth, coolness and itching? a) A b) G c) F d) H e) J

Choose the following statements that describe keratin. 1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein. 2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin. 3. Keratin helps protect the skin. 4. Keratin participates in immune responses. 5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light. a) 1 and 3 b) 1, 3, 4, 5 c) 2, 4, 5 d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e) 3 and 5

a) 1 and 3

Why does the skin feel hot on individuals with a fever? Select all that apply. a) Blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. b) Blood vessels constrict to decrease blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. c) Vasoconstriction of the vessels decreases heat loss from the skin. d) Vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin. e) Blood flow from the dermis is decreased while blood flow to the epidermis is increased.

a) Blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. d) Vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin.

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composed the a) epidermis b) dermis c) hypodermis d) subcutaneous layer e) superficial fascia

a) epidermis

Which of the following are characteristics of thick skin? Select all that apply. a) Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips. b) Does not contain hair follicles. c) Contains more sweat glands than thin skin. d) Contain epidermal ridges. e) Lacking stratum lucidum f) Contains fewer corpuscles of touch than thin skin g) Stratum corneum has fewer layers in thick than thin.

a) found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips b) does not contain hair follicles c) contains more sweat glands than thin skin d) contain epidermal ridges

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens? a) Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells) b) Melanocytes c) Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells) d) Stem Cells

a) intraepidermal macrophages ( Langerhans cells)

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce a) melanin. b) carotene. c) both melanin and carotene. d) keratin. e) melanocytes.

a) melanin

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion. a) Sebaceous gland b) Eccrine gland c) Apocrine gland d) Eccrine and apocrine glands e) Sebaceous and Eccrine glands

a) sebaceous gland

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the a) stratum basale. b) stratum spinosum. c) stratum granulosum. d) stratum lucidum. e) stratum corneum.

a) stratum basale

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes. a) Stratum basale b) Stratum spinosum c) Stratum granulosum d) Stratum lucidum e) Stratum corneum

a) stratum basale

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation? a) Sebaceous gland b) Eccrine sweat gland c) Apocrine sweat gland d) Ceruminous gland

b) eccrine sweat gland

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n) a) hypertrophic scar b) keloid scar c) granulation scar d) epidermal scar

b) keloid scar

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light? a) Keratin b) Melanin c) Melatonin d) Carotene e) Hemoglobin

b) melanin

Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. a) Sweat b) Cerumen c) Sebum d) Mucus

c) sebum

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the a) stratum basale b) stratum spinosum c) stratum granulosum d) stratum lucidum e) stratum corneum

c) stratum granulosum

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation? a) Melanocytes b) Sebaceous glands c) Sweat glands d) Stratum lucidum e) Epidermal ridges

c) sweat glands