Chapter 5, Lesson 2, 5, 6

Where is Earth's biosphere located?

10 km above Earth's surface to about 10 km below the ocean surface

Climate describe the weather conditions over the last ________ years

30 - thirty

About how much of Earth's surface is covered by water?

75%

The weather patterns over a long time

Climate

The height above sea level

Elevation

T or F? Earth's lithosphere extends all the way to Earth's center?

False

T or F? The lithosphere is all the land on Earth that is not covered by water?

False

T or F: Temperatures in temperate zone remain steady year round?

False, because the sun is more direct in the summer

T or F? The hydrosphere is made up of mostly fresh water.

False: because it's mostly made of salt water

As degrees of latitude increase what happens to temperature

It decreases

A measure of how for a place is from the equator

Latitude

3 factors that can influence climate:

Latitude Elevation Distance from water

Where is most of Earth's hydrosphere?

Oceans

Three climate zones:

Polar zone - freezing, cold and icy Temperature zone - changing, breezy, warm Tropical zone - hot, sandy, sunny

Types of moving water that causes erosion?

River Rain Ocean Currents Glaciers waves

How can the weather in a temperature zone be similar to the weather in a tropical zone?

The weather can be sunny and very hot in a temperature zone for part of the year

What do all organisms in the biosphere have in common?

They all share resources, such as water, air and light

What part of earth does the suns energy hit most directly?

Tropical zone

T or F: It is cooler at the top of the mountain and then at the bottom

True because in the lower part of the atmosphere temperature decreases with increased elevation

What is climate?

Weather over a long period of time

How much of Earth's surface is NOT covered by ocean water or fresh water?

a little more than 1/4

hydrosphere

all the waters of Earth

What sphere helps protect things from being damaged by too much sunlight?

atmosphere

Four major spheres of Earth's System are..

atmosphere hydrosphere lithosphere biosphere

Why is the air pressure greater at Earth's surface?

because the pressure decreases as you go higher into the atmosphere

Water erosion is mostly common in which areas around the Gulf of Mexico?

coastal areas

These are formed when rivers deposit materials they are carrying as they enter larger bodies of water?

deltas

What are the forms of water found in a glacier?

frozen ice/water

How do glaciers cause erosion and deposition?

glaciers are pulled downhill by gravity, as they move, the grind the rocks beneath them into sediments along the path of their movement

What is the main force that causes erosion?

gravity

Fresh water is important to people and animals on Earth, which sphere is important?

hydrosphere

What is a sand dune?

lard, loose deposits of sand

sand dunes

large, loose deposits of sand

Which sphere is a glacier of part of?

lithosphere

atmosphere

mixture of water vapor and other gases, particles of dust, that surround Earth's surface

Which gas makes up MOST of Earth's atmosphere?

nitrogen

What could happen to organisms if Earth's atmosphere atmosphere were to disappear?

organisms ;might not survive the heat and water will evaporate

What are the two main gases in Earth's atmosphere?

oxygen and Nitrogen

biosphere

part of Earth where living things are found

What could you do to prevent wind erosion in a dry, sand area?

planting of grasses, building trenches

What can you do to prevent water erosion?

planting of trees and plants, helps hold soil in place Planting grasses, helps hold soil in place

Where does ground water come from?

rain or melted snow that is soaked into ground

What are the components of Earth's lithosphere?

rocks soils minerals

What uses the force of projected sand hitting a surface to change the surface?

sand blasting

lithosphere

solid, rocky outer layer of Earth

why is one side of a sand dune difference from the other side?

steady wind blowing in one direction across a sand dune picks up sand from one side of the dune and deposits it on the other side

erosion

the movement of materials away from a place

deposition

the process of laying down materials, such as rocks and soil

What causes rock particles to move from place to place?

water wind ice

A way Earth's spheres interact?

water from rivers evaporates into air

What is the major cause of erosion along coastlines?

waves

What can be the process of sand hitting the surface of rock until the rock breaks down and erodes?

wind erosion

What causes wind erosion?

wind erosion is caused by wind blowing dust, soil, and or sand from one place to another