Chapter 5: Lipids

Sarah consumed 2000 calories with 67 grams of fat. What is the percentage of kilocalories from fat in her diet? Select one: a. 30 percent b. 25 percent c. 35 percent d. No answer is correct. e. 20 percent

a. 30 percent

___________________ promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or for storage. Select one: a. Lipoprotein lipase b. Lingual lipase c. No answer is correct d. Pancreatic lipase e. Glycerase

a. Lipoprotein lipase

Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion? Select one: a. Pancreas b. Stomach c. Gall bladder d. Liver e. Mouth

a. Pancreas

Which of the following is true about heart disease risk? Select one: a. The extent to which cholesterol intake affects blood levels depends on individual genes. b. Dietary saturated fat decreases blood cholesterol. c. Dietary cholesterol comes mainly from plant foods. d. Dietary cholesterol has no influence on blood clotting. e. No answer is correct.

a. The extent to which cholesterol intake affects blood levels depends on individual genes.

What is true about essential fatty acids? Select one: a. They have anti-inflammatory properties that protect against heart disease. b. Essential fatty acid deficiency is common in the United States. c. The body can synthesize essential fatty acids from glucose and other sources of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. d. They are necessary for normal bone development in infants and young children. e. No answer is correct.

a. They have anti-inflammatory properties that protect against heart disease.

The primary function of lipoprotein lipase is to: Select one: a. help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood. b. transport lipids through the blood. c. convert nonessential fatty acids into essential fatty acids. d. no answer is correct. e. convert cis fatty acids into trans fatty acids.

a. help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood.

When energy is ingested in excess of needs, the excess: Select one: a. is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue. b. no answer is correct . c. is converted into cholesterol and stored in the liver. d. is lost as heat. e. is metabolized by the muscles and stored as ATP.

a. is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue.

Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as: Select one: a. the types and locations of bonds between the carbons. b. the number of acid groups in the fatty acid chain. c. the number of sulfur-containing groups. d. their solubility in water. e. no answer is correct.

a. the types and locations of bonds between the carbons.

What is the DRI for total fat intake for adults? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. 20-35 percent c. 15-20 percent d. less than 10 percent e. 10-15 percent

b. 20-35 percent

Which of the following diets provides approximately 18 percent of the total Calories (kcal) from fat? Select one: a. 17 grams of fat 2,392 kcal b. 67 grams of fat 3,268 kcal c. no answer is correct d. 36 grams of fat 1,154 kcal e. 41 grams of fat 2,385 kcal

b. 67 grams of fat 3,268 kcal

Which one of the following dietary lipids protects against atherosclerosis? Select one: a. Dietary cholesterol b. Monounsaturated fatty acids c. No answer is correct d. Saturated fats e. Trans fats

b. Monounsaturated fatty acids

A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a ________ fatty acid. Select one: a. polyunsaturated b. hydrophobic c. hydrophilic d. unsaturated e. saturated

e. saturated

The function of bile in triglyceride digestion is: Select one: a. facilitate the formation of chylomicrons. b. no answer is correct. c. to hydrolyze (split) the bond that attaches fatty acids to glycerol. d. to bind and transport lipids in the blood. e. to break fat into small globules.

e. to break fat into small globules.

High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with: Select one: a. improved immune function. b. a reduced risk of heart disease. c. increased risk of colon cancer. d. no answer is correct. e. increased risk of breast and prostate cancer.

b. a reduced risk of heart disease.

Foods containing fat replacers: Select one: a. cause fat soluble vitamins to be poorly absorbed. b. all of these choices are correct. c. provide less fat and kcalories. d. no answer is correct. e. are not necessarily nutrient dense.

b. all of these choices are correct.

The anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fats are beneficial in regards to: Select one: a. rheumatoid arthritis. b. all of these choices are correct. c. no answer is correct. d. heart disease. e. multiple sclerosis.

b. all of these choices are correct.

The end of a fatty acid chain containing a methyl group is also referred to as the __________ end. Select one: a. no answer is correct b. omega c. delta d. alpha e. acid

b. omega

Dietary sources of cholesterol include all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: a. eggs. b. peanut butter. c. fish. d. meat. e. all of these are dietary sources of cholesterol.

b. peanut butter.

Women tend to develop heart disease later than men because: Select one: a. women have a greater density of blood vessels than men which helps blood to circulate more efficiently. b. the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause. c. no answer is correct. d. women tend to consume more trans fatty acids than men. e. women have lower levels of HDLs compared to men.

b. the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause.

An omega-6 fatty acid is an example of aNo: Select one: a. saturated fatty acid. b. unsaturated fatty acid. c. a fatty acid found in tropical oils. d. trans fatty acid formed by hydrogenation. e. no answer is correct.

b. unsaturated fatty acid.

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? Select one: a. Chylomicrons b. Very-low density lipoproteins c. Low-density lipoproteins d. No answer is correct e. High-density lipoproteins

c. Low-density lipoproteins

A reduced fat food that contains a fat replacer consisting of millions of microscopic balls that slide over each other to give the creamy texture of fats is: Select one: a. mucilage. b. no answer is correct. c. a protein-based fat replacer. d. olestra. e. a carbohydrate-based fat replacer.

c. a protein-based fat replacer.

A strong correlation exists between the development of colon cancer and diets: Select one: a. high in fish. b. high in grains and cereals. c. high in animal fats. d. no answer is correct. e. with moderate amounts of alcohol.

c. high in animal fats.

Consumption of all of the following tend to increase blood cholesterol EXCEPT: Select one: a. dietary cholesterol. b. saturated fatty acids. c. monounsaturated fatty acids. d. all of these tend to increase blood cholesterol. e. trans fatty acids.

c. monounsaturated fatty acids.

Cholesterol is an example of aNo: Select one: a. essential nutrient. b. phospholipid. c. sterol. d. no answer is correct. e. trans fatty acid.

c. sterol.

Which of the following is an example of tropical oil? Select one: a. Soybean oil. b. None of these are tropical oils. c. Corn oil. d. Palm kernel oil. e. Olive oil.

d. Palm kernel oil.

What is true about triglycerides? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. They act as emulsifiers. c. They always contain a phosphate group. d. They may contain any combination of fatty acids. e. Their structure consists of multiple rings.

d. They may contain any combination of fatty acids.

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from: Select one: a. trans fatty acids. b. essential fatty acids. c. phospholipids. d. cholesterol. e. no answer is correct.

d. cholesterol.

Hormone sensitive lipase: Select one: a. is required for lipid digestion by cells lining blood vessels. b. is needed for phosphoglyceride digestion. c. no answer is correct. d. is activated during periods of fasting . e. is needed to deposit fatty acids into adipose tissue.

d. is activated during periods of fasting .

A dietary approach that protects against heart disease is the consumption of foods high in: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. long chain fatty acids. c. omega-6 fatty acids. d. omega-3 fatty acids e. all of these provide protection against heart disease.

d. omega-3 fatty acids

If you were to analyze the composition of adipose tissue, you would likely find an abundance of: Select one: a. cholesterol. b. micelles. c. eicosanoids. d. triglycerides. e. no answer is correct.

d. triglycerides

Eicosanoids are: Select one: a. hormone-like compounds. b. needed to regulate important body processes. c. no answer is correct. d. synthesized from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. e. all of these statements are true.

e. all of these statements are true.

The oxidation of LDLs: Select one: a. results in the formation of foam cells. b. no answer is correct. c. recruits macrophages with scavenger receptors to the site. d. increases inflammation. e. all of these statements are true.

e. all of these statements are true.

All of the following foods EXCEPT _____________help reduce LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease. Select one: a. all of these help reduce LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease b. flaxseed c. nuts d. oats e. margarine containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

e. margarine containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

Fish oils are a good dietary source of: Select one: a. trans fatty acids. b. no answer is correct. c. emulsifiers. d. tropical oils. e. omega-3 fatty acids.

e. omega-3 fatty acids.