Chapter 5 Part 1

Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass? A.) The flat teeth and strong stomach of herbivores break the cellulose fibers so that the cows get enough nutrition from the cell contents. B.) Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to individual glucose units. C.) They have to eat a lot of it. D.) Cows and other herbivores are exceptions and make some cellulose-digesting enzymes. E.) All of the listed responses are correct.

B

Which of the following molecules is a monosaccharide? C45H84O8PN C25H43O8 C51H98O6 C6H12O6 C22H49O10N5

C6H12O6

In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____. a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... consumed monomers are assembled to produce a polymer ... produced a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... produced monomers are assembled to produce a polymer ... consumed a monomer is broken up into its constituent polymers ... produced

a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... consumed

Which of the following is a polymer? cellulose, a plant cell wall component triacylglycerol, or fat testosterone, a steroid hormone fructose, a component of sucrose glucose, an energy-rich molecule

cellulose, a plant cell wall component

At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide _____. collagen chitin linoleic acid glycogen cellulose

chitin

The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) _____ bond. peptide hydrogen ionic van der Waals covalent

covalent

What is the process by which monomers are linked together to form polymers? dehydration or condensation reactions hydrolysis protein formation coiling monomerization

dehydration or condensation reactions

Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for _____. structural molecules, such as hair and fingernails lipid storage building genetic material membrane construction energy storage and release

energy storage and release

Which of the following carbohydrate molecules has the lowest molecular weight? lactose sucrose chitin cellulose glucose

glucose

A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is _____. chitin starch glycogen glucose cellulose

glycogen

Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____. carbohydrate ... fatty acids polypeptide ... monomers protein ... amino acids lipid ... triacylglycerols polymer ... glucose molecules

polymer ... glucose molecules

In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source? starch glycogen protein fatty acids cellulose

starch

The polysaccharide that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____. chitin starch ribose glucose lactose

starch

Carbohydrates can function in which of the following ways? structural support energy storage information storage enzymatic catalysis structural support and energy storage

structural support and energy storage

In a 1-4 glycosidic linkage, _____. there are four possible isomers of the structure one glycerol molecule is bound to four fatty acids the number 1 carbon in one nucleotide is bound to the number 4 carbon in another nucleotide the number 1 carbon in one monosaccharide is bound to the number 4 carbon in another monosaccharide one monosaccharide is bound to four others

the number 1 carbon in one monosaccharide is bound to the number 4 carbon in another monosaccharide

One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is that _____. they are all polysaccharides they are all indigestible by humans they are all disaccharides they are all monosaccharides they all contain fructose

they are all disaccharides