chapter 5 part 2

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from a. night terrors. b. narcolepsy. c. sleep spindles. d. sleep apnea. e. insomnia.

a

As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights, Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Tim will likely experience a. an increase in REM sleep. b. sleep apnea. c. insomnia. d. dissociation. e. an increase in NREM sleep.

a

Brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as the rats later experience a. REM sleep. b. hypnagogic sensations. c. neuroadaptation. d. dissociation. e. NREM sleep.

a

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds a. spend less time in deep sleep. b. spend less time in NREM-1 sleep. c. spend more time in paradoxical sleep. d. complete the sleep cycle more slowly. e. complete REM rebound more often.

a

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content. a. manifest b. latent c. dissociated d. paradoxical e. delusional

a

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from a. sleep apnea. b. narcolepsy. c. insomnia. d. night terrors. e. aphasia.

a

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________. a. REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep b. narcolepsy; sleep apnea c. delta waves; alpha waves d. NREM-3 sleep; NREM-2 sleep e. NREM-2 sleep; NREM-1 sleep

a

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving a. the cessation of breathing during sleep. b. periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness. c. hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating weightlessly. d. the excessive use of sleeping pills or other sleep-inducing drugs. e. screams and panic during deep sleep.

a

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that a. genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get. b. sleep debt affects a person's health and mental well-being. c. most adults are seriously sleep deprived. d. sleep is necessary for helping us restore and repair brain tissue. e. sleep disorders are widespread in our culture.

a

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the a. suprachiasmatic nucleus. b. dopamine reward system. c. thyroid gland. d. sleep spindles. e. MDMA.

a

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia? a. Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime. b. Eat a big dinner late in the evening so you'll feel drowsy at bedtime. c. Relax with a drink of your favorite alcoholic beverage just before bedtime. d. Engage in some form of vigorous physical exercise shortly before bedtime. e. Be sure to sleep later than usual once you do get to sleep.

a

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote a. sleep apnea. b. obesity. c. insomnia. d. night terrors. e. withdrawal.

b

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________ content of Josef's dream. a. manifest b. latent c. circadian d. dissociated e. delta

b

Research indicates that the percentage of total sleep spent in REM sleep is higher in ________ than in ________. a. artists; scientists b. infants; adults c. females; males d. older adults; adolescents e. higher economic classes; lower economic classes

b

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why a. most dreams are realistic portrayals of pleasant life events. b. people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep. c. dreams typically express unacceptable feelings in a symbolically disguised form. d. individuals with sleep apnea are unable to recall any of their dreams. e. some people experience insomnia throughout their lives.

b

The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the ________ during REM sleep. a. sensory cortex b. limbic system c. frontal lobes d. pineal gland e. MDMA area

b

According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its a. manifest content. b. dissociated content. c. latent content. d. hallucinatory content. e. social influence.

c

Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were most heavily influenced by a. weather conditions. b. job security. c. a good night's sleep. d. their ability to purchase luxury goods. e. dissociative episodes.

c

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders? a. night terrors b. sleepwalking c. sleep apnea d. insomnia e. sleep talking

c

People with sleep apnea do not recall being awake and gasping for air, then falling back to sleep. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? a. Activity in the limbic system is inhibited during REM sleep. b. Dreams that occur during NREM sleep are rarely recalled. c. Anything that happens during the 5 minutes just before we fall asleep is typically lost from memory. d. The hormone orexin, which is lacking in such patients, hinders the consolidation of memory. e. The free radicals produced during sleep weaken unused neural connections and affect memory formation.

c

Sleep deprivation has been shown to a. increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks. b. reduce hypertension. c. diminish immunity to disease. d. decrease narcolepsy. e. decrease tolerance and increase withdrawal.

c

Some researchers suggest that the brain activity associated with REM sleep provides the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation. This finding supports which of the following dream theories? a. wish-fulfillment b. information-processing c. physiological d. activation-synthesis e. developmental

c

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that a. most dreams are psychologically meaningless. b. the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy. c. most mammals experience REM rebound. d. sexual tension is naturally discharged during REM sleep. e. manifest content often replaces latent content in NREM dreams.

c

The pituitary gland releases a growth hormone during a. NREM-2 sleep. b. NREM-1 sleep. c. slow-wave sleep. d. paradoxical sleep. e. circadian sleep.

c

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time. a. increase; increase b. decrease; decrease c. increase; decrease d. decrease; increase e. stay the same; stay the same

c

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation? a. dissociation theory b. social influence theory c. activation-synthesis theory d. Freud's dream theory e. paradoxical sleep theory

c

and moods are called a. stimulants. b. narcotic agents. c. psychoactive drugs. d. hallucinogens. e. physiological dependents.

c

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to a. its accompanying brain-wave pattern. b. the previous day's events that prompted the dream. c. the sensory stimuli in the sleeping environment that are incorporated into the dream. d. its underlying but censored meaning. e. the story line of our dreams.

d

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through a. dissociation. b. neuroadaptation. c. hypnagogic sensations. d. REM sleep. e. parallel processing.

d

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from a. sleep apnea. b. night terrors. c. hypnagogic sleep. d. insomnia. e. paradoxical sleep.

d

Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's a. latent content. b. psychological dependence. c. night terrors. d. cognitive development. e. manifest content.

d

REM rebound involves the a. tendency for REM sleep periods to become increasingly longer and more frequent as a normal night of sleep progresses. b. increase in REM sleep that characteristically follows intense learning episodes or stressful daytime experiences. c. unusual symptoms of tiredness and irritability that follow periods of REM sleep deprivation. d. tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation. e. replacement of REM sleep with NREM sleep.

d

Research on sleep patterns indicates that a. older adults and newborns have very similar sleep patterns. b. different sleep patterns reflect differences in latent dream content. c. everyone needs a minimum of 8 hours of sleep per night to function well. d. sleep patterns may be genetically influenced. e. REM sleep may not be necessary for normal functioning.

d

The lack of the neurotransmitter orexin has been linked to which of the following? a. sleep apnea b. paradoxical sleep c. insomnia d. narcolepsy e. sleepwalking

d

The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that a. as people grow older they need to spend progressively more time dreaming. b. dreams are triggered by random bursts of neural activity. c. dreams help to solidify our memories of daytime experiences. d. humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep. e. dreams represent unconscious wishes and anxieties.

d

Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns? a. The sleep patterns of identical twins are usually similar. b. Brain waves are generally elevated and variable during REM sleep. c. Sleep patterns reflect differences in latent and manifest dream content. d. People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer. e. Newborn babies spend more time in REM sleep than in NREM sleep.

d

Which of the following is true of night terrors? a. They are usually recalled vividly for days following their occurrence. b. They are typically accompanied by a state of temporary muscular immobility or paralysis. c. They jolt the sleeper to a sudden state of full waking alertness. d. They typically occur during NREM-3 sleep. e. They involve the temporary inability to breathe.

d

Which of the following sleep disorders would have the most negative impact for a commercial bus driver? a. night terrors b. insomnia c. sleepwalking d. narcolepsy e. sleep apnea

d

Researchers have demonstrated that people trained to perform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. This finding suggests that sleep a. inspires creative achievements and problem solving. b. patterns suit a species' ecological niche. c. helps restore and repair brain tissue. d. plays a role in the growth process. e. is involved in the memory process.

e

Sleeptalking may occur during a. NREM-1 sleep b. NREM-2 sleep c. NREM-3 sleep d. REM e. any stage of sleep.

e