Chapter 5 Skeletal System Questions

All of the following are types of synovial joints

-Hinge -Saddle -Gliding

What is the function of the spinous and transverse process of the vertebrae?

Attachment points for tendons and ligaments

What are the two major divisions of the human skeleton?

Axial and appendicular

endochondral ossification

It forms the long bones, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, scapula, pelvis, and limb bones of the developing fetus

The process of putting calcium phosphate crystals into the bone is

deposition

What combining forms means lower back?

lumb/o

Which of the following statements is true concerning osteoclasts?

osteocytes will reabsorb calcium more efficiently in a female if estrogen is absent.

Cancellous bone is described as

spongy.

With the aging process, the effects of decreased bone mass and density cause

the vertebrae to become thinner

What are osteoblasts?

Cells that build bone Osteoblasts build bone by forming a soft matrix of protein and carbohydrates with collagen molecules. Osteoblasts allow hard minerals to be deposited in the matrix. Osteoblasts build bone tissue.

A DEXA scan can be used to diagnose:

Osteoporosis

What is the most common abnormal curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis

List the number of each type of vertebrae correctly?

Seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar vertebrae, one sacrum and one coccyx

What part of the sternum can be broken during CPR?

Xyphoid process

Calcium

-Calcium is an electrolyte whose balance in the blood is maintained by the skeletal system through deposition and reabsorption. -Calcium is found in trabeculae. -Calcium is deposited in bone through a positive-feedback mechanism of mineral crystal deposition.

Functions of the mucous membrane lining of the sinuses

-Warm the air. -Give resonance to voice. -Moisten the air.

Which disorder is a congenital defect characterized by brittle bones that lack collagen fibers?

Osteogenesis imperfecta

What allows the ribs to attach to the thoracic vertebrae?

Costal facets

Which combining form means rib?

cost/o

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the spinal column?

5

What will happen if the calcium level in the blood is above normal?

A negative-feedback mechanism will correct it.

The following are functions of the sternum

A protective plate for the heart Attachment site for ribs Attachment point for pectoral girdle

What part of the long bone is a source of osteoblasts?

Periosteum

What is the function of the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus?

Points of attachment for muscles by tendons

What is ankylosis?

The destruction of cartilage between joints eventually leading to fusion of the articulating bones

Which of the following statements is true concerning the normal development of a long bone?

The epiphyseal plate disappears.

Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is not attached to another bone. The hyoid bone forms the angle between the chin and neck. A fractured hyoid bone can be an indication of strangulation.

Correctly describes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle?

The pectoral girdle bones attach the arm bones to the axial skeleton while the pelvic girdle bones attach the leg bones to the axial skeleton.

Which type of vertebrae has costal facets?

Thoracic

How many cervical vertebrae are in the spinal column?

7

In addition to 1 sacrum and 1 coccyx, the spinal column is composed of:

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar vertebrae

Which two bones connect the arm to the axial skeleton?

Clavicle and scapula

What is closed reduction?

Closed reduction sets bones in proper alignment without using surgery.

Which of the following is true about closed reduction?

Closed reduction sets bones in proper alignment without using surgery.

The structures that attach the epicondyles of the femur to the epicondyles of the tibia and fibula, preventing side-to-side movement at the knee, are the:

Collateral ligaments

What is the term for inflammation of the extension of the synovial membrane acting as a cushion?

Bursitis

What must be present for calcium to be absorbed from the small intestine?

Calcitriol

Bone serves as a reservoir for this electrolyte:

Calcium

What are functions of parathyroid hormone?

Causes osteoclasts to reabsorb bone therefore increasing blood calcium levels Causes the kidney to reabsorb calcium in order to maintain blood calcium levels Causes the small intestines to absorb calcium in order to increase blood calcium levels

What is a sinus?

Cavities within the bone

What are osteoclasts?

Cells that break down bone

What type of vertebrae are the axis and the atlas?

Cervical

What type of joint is formed by fibrous ligaments holding a tooth in its socket?

Gomphoses joint

What type of fracture causes a crack in the bone?

Hairline

What is the function of hydroxyapatite in bone?

Harden the matrix

Following are functions of the intervertebral disc

Support body weight. Act as shock absorbers. Cushion to vertebrae with each step.

Which type of joint has a joint cavity?

Synovial joint

Tarsal bones are bones of the what?

The ankle and foot

What combining form means cartilage?

chondr/o

What combining form means straight?

orth/o

Starting at the superior end of the spinal column, name the type of vertebrae in order.

Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

In the developing skull of a fetus, where is the large fontanelle, or soft spot, located?

Between the frontal and parietal bones.

What type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral disks?

Fibrocartilage

The Achilles tendon attaches the calf muscles to what bone?

Calcaneus

What is the relationship between bone deposition and bone reabsorption in people 45 and older

Deposition < Reabsorption

A major cause of osteoporosis

Lack of vitamin D and calcium

Autoimmune disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

The purpose of intervertebral disks is to:

Act as shock absorbers cushioning the vertebrae

The epiphyses of long bones are covered by:

Articular cartilage

How many bones make up the adult spinal column?

26

The following are prominent features on the scapula

Acromion process Coracoid process Glenoid cavity

What type of bone is the sphenoid bone?

Irregular bone

All of the following are bone disorders that affect the strength of bone

-Osteomalacia -Rickets -Osteoporosis

How many thoracic vertebrae are in the spinal column?

12

Which statement best describes a long bone?

A bone that is longer than it is wide and has clubby ends.

Which statement best describes a short bone?

A bone that is not longer than it is wide

Chondrocytes

A chondrocyte in articular cartilage has its wastes removed by synovial fluid.

What is the function of the vertebral foramen?

An opening that allows the spinal cord to pass through the vertebrae

What is the relationship between bone deposition and bone reabsorption in people 45 and older?

Deposition < Reabsorption.

What types of cartilage is found in the pinna of the ear and in the epiglottis of the throat?

Elastic cartilage

Which type of ossification is complete when the epiphyseal plates are completely closed?

Endochondral

How do you compare endochondral bone growth and appositional bone growth?

Endochondral bone growth deposits bone at the epiphyseal plate, allowing the bone to grow longer. Appositional bone growth occurs in all types of bone and allows bone to become more massive.

What correctly describes kyphosis?

Exaggerated abnormal curvature of the thoracic vertebrae

Which of the following groups of bones belongs to the axial skeleton?

Facial bones, sternum, and vertebral column.

What is the name of the large opening in the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to exit the cranial cavity?

Foramen magnum

Which of the following features can be found on the humerus, radius and femur?

Head

All of the following are parts of the humerus

Head Greater and lesser tubercles Capitulum

Compression of the intervertebral disc causing the disc to bulge out laterally is called what?

Herniated disc

What are foramina?

Holes in the skull that allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through.

What is the proximal long bone of the arm?

Humerus

What type of cartilage covers the ends of long bones?

Hyaline cartilage

All of the following are required for bone remodeling

Increased stress on bones. Sufficient calcium in the blood. Sufficient vitamin D in the diet.

What is true about the marrow cavity of a bone?

It contains fat.

Which term describes an exaggerated curvature of the lumbar vertebrae?

Lordosis

What type of fracture results in a break in the bone on an angle?

Oblique

Which type of synovial joint has concave surfaces of the bones that articulate with one another?

Saddle

What structure protects the pituitary gland?

The sella turcica

cancellous bone

This type of bone is found in the end of long bones. This type of bone is does not have Haversian systems. This type of bone is arranged in slivers and plates called trabeculae.

Which bone articulates with the femur at the knee?

Tibia

What is the function of the pubic symphysis?

To connect the right and left pelvic girdles

All of the following are types of ribs

True ribs False ribs Floating ribs

What combining form means joint?

arthr/o