Chapter 51: Alterations in the Endocrine syste

Hashimoto (Hypothyroidism)

A condition in which the immune system attacks the thyroid. Energy loss, tired, cold, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, puffy face

What system regulates the endocrine system by inhibiting hormone overproduction?

A negative Feedback System

4 tropic hormones

Follicle stimulating hormones, Lutenizing hormone, Andrenocorticotropic hormone and, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

______________ Disease is a state of hyperthyroidism that is often accompanied by goiter and expothalmos.

Graves

In children, a deficiency of ___________ hormone interferes with linear bone development, resulting in short stature or dwarfism.

Growth

Two causes of endocrine disorders

Hypersecretion and hypo secretion of hormones. Inflammation of glands

The _____________ and pituitary form a unit that exerts control over many functions of several endocrine glands.

Hypothalamus

4 sings of Hashimoto Thyroiditis

hair loss, fatigue, weight gain, and dry skin

Addison disease is a temporary condition

False

All hormones can cross the cell membrane

False

When growth hormone excess occurs in adulthood or after the epiphyses of the long bones have fused, the condition is referred to as _________

Acromegaley

Why is the pituitary glands called the master gland

Because it secretes tropic hormones that tell other glands to secrete other hormones

3 Diagnostic Tests to assess Endocrine Disorders

Blood tests 24 Hour urine sample Imaging

Graves Disease (Hyperthyroidism)

Bulging eyes, nervous, gets hot, weight loss, excessive sweating, tremors, and palpations.

Hypothyroidism is evidenced by an increased metabolic rate, restlessness, irritability, tachycardia, diarrhea, and heat intolerance

False

Negative __________ mechanisms regulates the level of many of the hormones in the body

Feedback

Hormones exert their action by binding to high-affinty ___________ located either on the surface or inside the target cells.

Cell-Receptors

4 signs of Addisons disease

Confusion, fatigue, hyperpigmentation, and hypotension

________________ Syndrome refers to the manifestations of excess cortisol.

Cushing

Precocious ________________ is the early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis, resulting in the development of appropriate sexual characteristics and fertility.

Puberty

Lutenizing Hormones

Ovulation and testosterone secretion

Hormone secretions that act locally on cells other than those that produced the Hormone Utilize ________________ Action

Paracrine

The role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system

Releases and inhibits hormones

Andrenocorticotropic Hormone

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

Follicle Stimulating Hormones

Stimulates the growth of follicles

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Stimulates thyroid to release thyroid hormone

Addison Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency) is caused by the destruction of the adrenal gland.

True

Cushing Syndrome Manifestations are Moon face, buffalo hump, obesity, amenorrhea, and increased facial hair

True

Glucagon, insulin, and epinephrine exert their action by means of surface receptors.

True

Hypopituitarism is a decreased secretion of pituitary hormones

True

The endocrine system uses chemical substances called hormones as a means of regulating and integrating body functions.

True

The hypothalamus controls the release of pituitary hormones.

True

The pituitary gland has been called the master glad because its hormones control the function of many target glands and cells.

True

Decreased hormone levels often produce an increase in receptor numbers by means of a process called____________, thus increasing the sensitivity of the body to existing hormone levels

Up-regulation