Chapter 53
populations.
Natural selection acts most directly on:
The curve C
Refer to the accompanying figure. How would the survivorship curve for elephants be represented?
small proportion of prereproductive individuals.
A human population that is shrinking would be characterized by a(n):
Human populations cannot continue to increase indefinitely.
The British clergyman and economist Malthus was one of the first to recognize which of the following
unknown.
The Earth's carrying capacity is
age structure
The percentages of a population at different ages are known as the:
b = d.
At zero population growth:
A
Refer to the accompanying figure. A population that produces a large number of offspring, but the offspring must survive independently, would be represented by the curve labeled:
b − d.
The growth rate of a population is expressed as:
Source habitat
A group of cacti on a sun-exposed slope have greater reproductive success than cacti on a shaded slope. The habitat on the sun-exposed slope can be classified as which of the following?
metapopulation.
A population that is divided into several local populations among which individuals occasionally disperse (emigrate and immigrate) is known as a:
cannot be determined from the data provided.
According to the data in the accompanying figure, the cause of the decline of the wolf population in 1982 was:
Parasites
An example of a density-dependent factor that influences the size of a population is:
decline in the food supply.
Based on the accompanying figure, the decline in the moose population in 1996 was most likely due to a(n):
0-1
Based on the accompanying figure, which of the following age intervals has the highest death rate?
achieve zero population growth.
By the end of the 21st century, it is expected that the human population will:
a patchy distribution of resources.
Clumped dispersion is often influenced by:
are typically abiotic.
Density-independent factors:
a highly developed country.
Figure 53-6 represents the age structure diagram of
short life spans and early maturity.
Generally, r-selected organisms exhibit:
Low GNI PPPs
Highly developed countries are most likely to be characterized by which of the following?
continue to increase even if the fertility rate is at replacement levels.
In a human population with a high proportion of prereproductive individuals, the population will:
Perennial herbaceous plants
Iteroparity is common in which of the following organisms?
D
On the accompanying figure, identify the point that indicates the carrying capacity for this population.
r-selected and having a type III survivorship curve.
Organisms such as oysters or fish that produce millions of eggs per year may be characterized as:
Negative growth
Refer to the accompanying figure. Assuming the pattern remains the same, what will the population experience in 50 years?
A
Refer to the accompanying figure. At which point are there few environmental limits on the population?
C
Refer to the accompanying figure. At which point do the environmental limits begin to slow the growth rate?
Type II survivorship.
The accompanying figure is representative of:
total fertility rate.
The average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime is known as:
of one species in a given area at a given time.
The best definition of population density is the number of individuals:
dN/dt = rN.
The equation that would best describe the curve in the accompanying figure is:
being a J-shaped curve characteristic of exponential growth
The graph in the accompanying figure would best be described as:
takes into account the carrying capacity of the environment.
The logistic equation:
intraspecific exploitation competition.
The moose population on Isle Royale is an example of
fecundity.
The potential capacity to produce offspring is called:
decreased death rates.
The world human population has increased dramatically during the past few centuries due to:
K-strategists.
Trees are often long-lived, strongly competitive, produce thousands of offspring, and disperse their offspring widely. Trees are therefore often best described as having traits that are characteristic of which of the following:
Intraspecific scramble competition
Two members of the same species compete for a limited resource, resulting in equal sharing of the limited resource. What is this called?
A low reproductive rate
What is a typical feature of K-selected organisms?
Clumped dispersion
What is perhaps the most common of the dispersal patterns seen in nature?
Natality
What term refers to the average rate at which organisms produce offspring?
+50
What would be the growth rate (r) of an island population of 1,000 that has 30 births per 100 population, 20 death per 100 population, 5 immigrants per 100 population, and 10 emigrants per 100 population?
will increase.
When r = 0.00001, the population size:
will decrease.
When r = −0.00057, the population size:
decline.
When the size of a population begins to approach K, we can expect that the growth rate will:
Density dependent
Which factors are an example of a negative feedback system?
A population
Which of the following consists of organisms, all of which share a common gene pool?
Sink habitats
Which of the following have local reproductive success that is less than the local mortality?
Severe competition among individuals
Which of the following is NOT a condition that is likely to lead to clumped population dispersion?
Pressure from predation
Which of the following is NOT a condition that is likely to lead to uniform population dispersion?
Homogeneous species dispersal
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a metapopulation?
Populations exhibit characteristics distinctive from those of the individuals of which they are composed.
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding populations in biology?
Red grouse populations exhibit exploitation competition.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding exploitation competition?
Bacteria
Which of the following organisms would have the highest intrinsic rate of increase?
United States—doubling time 100 years
Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
Nesting seabirds—random dispersion
Which of the following relationships is incorrectly paired?
Population → community → ecosystem → biosphere
Which of the following series correctly represents the hierarchical organization within ecology?
Herring gulls
Which of the following species exhibits a mix of more than one type of survivorship over their life cycle?
Natality
Which of the following would increase population size?
b = 1000, d = 500, i = 500, e = 1000
Which set of values would result in a population with a growth rate of zero?
