Chapter 5/6
Approximately how much more energy is released in a 6.5 Richter magnitude earthquake than in one of with magnitude 5.5?
300 times
The average composition of the continental crust most closely approximates that of _______
Basalt
Core Asthenosphere Mesosphere Lithosphere
Core
The mechanism by which rock store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake is termed ______
Elastic rebound
The position on earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ______
Epicenter
A waves can travel through solid and liquids
False
Tsunami Fire Liquefaction Seiches
Fire
The Mercalli Scale is a scale from ________.
I to XII that rates the structural damage due to an earthquake
The asthenosphere is located ______
In the upper mantle
The dense core of earth is thought to consist predominantly of _______
Iron
______ refers to the tendency for a foundation material to lose its internal cohesion and fail mechanically during earthquake shaking
Liquefaction
Crust Lithosphere Core Mantle
Lithospehre
Modified Mercalli Energy Richter Amplitude
Modified Mercalli
Which one of the following statements about the crust is NOT true?
Oceanic crust is enriched in potassium, sodium and silicon
The elastic rebound theory for the origin of earthquakes was first proposed by ______ following the ______ earthquake
Reid; 1906, San Francisco
Which of the following statements is true?
S waves Tavel through solids and O ways travel through liquids
_________ earthquake was accompanied by extensive fire damage
San Francisco, 1906
The record of an earthquake obtained from seismic instruments is a(n)_____
Seismogram
Focus Seismograph Epicenter Fault
Seismograph
The ______ magnitude scale is a measure of the energy released. It does not directly measure the extent of building damage
Seismograph
P wave S wave Surface wave Body wave
Surface wave
Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis?
They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths.
Which of the following is true regarding tsunamis?
They occur in the open ocean, wavelengths increase as they move into shallow water
_________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale
XII
The lithosphere is defined as _____
a rigid layer of crystal and mantle material
Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ________.
aftershocks
The amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations is affected by ________.
all of these
P waves _______
are faster than S waves and surface waves
the richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the ___________
arrival time of P and S waves
The distance between a seismological recording station and the earthquake source is determined from the ____
arrival times of P and S waves
When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also referred to as the ________.
focus
The average composition of the continental crust most closely approximates that of ________.
granite
_______ have the highest velocities
primary waves
Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________.
seismic waves
Overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.
surface wave
On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes.
surface waves
The earths magnetic field originates by ________
weak electrical currents associated with fluid motions in the outer core
