chapter 6

In 1776, the slave population of the United States was:

20%

The estimated percentage of free Americans who remained loyal to the British during the Revolution was:

20-25%

What percentage of non-slave Americans remained loyal to the British during the American Revolution?

20-25%

Which American Indian tribe sided with the Americans against the British in the War for Independence? A) Oneida B) Iroquois C) Choctaw D) Creek

A) Oneida

Which of the following was not a course adopted by African-Americans to advance the cause of emancipation during the Revolutionary Era? A) assassination of proslavery public figures B) petitions advocating freedom C) lawsuits challenging the legality of slavery D) enlistment as soldiers on each side during the Revolutionary War

A) assassination of proslavery public figures

What famous American woman wrote to her husband that the Second Continental Congress should "remember the ladies" when they drew up a "Code of Laws"?

Abigail Adams

The foremost center of political radicalism during the Revolutionary Era was:

Pennsylvania.

Thomas Jefferson helped pass laws in the state of Virginia that abolished primogeniture. Define "primogeniture."

passing of all of a family's land to the oldest son

Members of which of the following groups were not subject to arrest by the Pennsylvania government because of refusal to participate in the American Revolution? A) Quakers B) Mormons C) Mennonites D) Moravians

B) Mormons

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on economic thought and policy in America? A) Many feared that excessive material dependency and inequality would harm the prospects of a free republic. B) The estates of wealthy landowners were appropriated by Congress and redistributed among the rural poor. C) Inflation triggered sharp debate over the role of government in economic affairs. D) For some, the protection of individual property rights was the bedrock of economic freedom; for others, the interests of the overall community came first.

B) The estates of wealthy landowners were appropriated by Congress and redistributed among the rural poor.

The first time in recorded human history that slavery was eradicated by legislative power of government was: A) in Revolutionary France. B) in the United States when, between 1777 and 1804, every state north of Maryland took steps toward emancipation. C) in ancient Rome under Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus and their allied Populares. D) in ancient Greece when the Spartans voted to free a portion of the Helots in Messina.

B) in the United States when, between 1777 and 1804, every state north of Maryland took steps toward emancipation.

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on the relative status of men and women in America? A) the participation of women in a range of public affairs B) the elimination of legal inequality between husband and wife C) the idealization of women as educators of future citizens D) the broad confirmation of citizenship as a male domain

B) the elimination of legal inequality between husband and wife

Which was not the case for American Indians following the War for Independence? A) The British abandoned their Indian allies in the Treaty of Paris. B) Indians were dispossessed of their lands in upstate New York, the Ohio Valley, and in the southern backcountry. C) Indians were incorporated as citizens within the new republic. D) The Treaty of Paris marked the culmination of a century in which the balance of power in eastern North America shifted toward white Americans and away from Indians.

C) Indians were incorporated as citizens within the new republic.

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on religion in America? A) a trend toward the elimination of publicly established churches B) a spreading conviction that one's religion was a private matter, beyond the proper reach of government policy C) a marked decline in the influence of religion in American society D) an easing of intolerance toward Catholics, Jews, and dissenting Protestants

C) a marked decline in the influence of religion in American society

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on the issue of slavery in America? A) Some patriots saw slavery as incompatible with American liberty. B) Some patriots saw the abolition of slavery as incompatible with American liberty. C) In the rhetoric of many patriots, "slavery" referred to the status of the colonies, not that of African-Americans. D) Ironically, the arrival of independence was accompanied by an expansion of slavery throughout the United States.

D) Ironically, the arrival of independence was accompanied by an expansion of slavery throughout the United States.

Which of the following was not an effect of the struggle for independence on political life in America? A) Artisans, small farmers, and laborers expanded their involvement in public debate. B) Radical patriots favored single-house legislatures; conservatives preferred two-house legislatures. C) Patriots of all stripes united around the principle of consent of the governed. D) Patriots of all stripes united around the principle of universal suffrage, regardless of economic status.

D) Patriots of all stripes united around the principle of universal suffrage, regardless of economic status.

The decline of indentured servitude and apprenticeship had many causes. Which of the following was not one of these causes? A) increased availability of wage workers B) indentured servants completing their contracts C) indentured servants escaping from their masters D) increased use of African slaves

D) increased use of African slaves

The daughter of a Massachusetts farmer who disguised herself as a man and fought in the Continental army during the American Revolution was:

Deborah Sampson.

Who developed the state constitution that gave the governor an effective veto over laws passed by the legislature, included a two-chamber legislature and powerful judiciary, and was subsequently an important model for the U.S. Constitution?

John Adams

Three months after independence was declared in 1776, which state adopted a new state constitution with only a one-house legislature?

Pennsylvania

The first antislavery tract in America was:

The Selling of Joseph

Who wrote that he hoped to erect a "wall of separation" between church and state?

Thomas Jefferson

Phillis Wheatley is celebrated in American history as:

a published poet and slave.

How many slaves fled to British lines during the American Revolution?

almost 100,000

For most free Americans in the new republic, equality meant:

equal opportunity rather than equality of condition.

Advertisements for runaway slaves were rare in the early republic. T/F

false

American Indian tribes who stayed neutral during the Revolution ended up better off than those who took sides. T/F

false

By 1810, there were fewer free blacks than there had been in 1776. T/F

false

Committed to freedom of conscience and thought, most patriots adopted a live-and-let-live attitude toward the Loyalists during the Revolutionary War. T/F

false

Confiscated property of Loyalists was returned to them following the Treaty of Paris. T/F

false

Except in Vermont, property ownership was not a requirement for voting in the early republic. T/F

false

Few men considered women naturally submissive and irrational in Revolutionary Era America. T/F

false

The authority of church leaders went remarkably unchallenged during the Revolutionary Era. T/F

false

There was a rapid rise in indentured servitude in the early republic. T/F

false

In the early 1770s, "freedom petitions" were:

slave petitions urging slavery's end, presented to New England courts and legislatures

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations (1776) argued:

that the "invisible hand" of the free market was more effective and fair than government intervention in the economy.

"Throughout the new nation, states disestablished their established churches." Define "disestablished."

to remove public funding for

Which of the following defines republican motherhood?

training sons to be future citizens

At the end of the war, as many as 60,000 Loyalists were banished from the United States or emigrated voluntarily. T/F

true

Because of religious freedom, an astonishing number of new religious denominations proliferated in the early republic; today, more than 1,300 religions are practiced in the United States. T/F

true

By 1776, the year in which he wrote The Declaration of Independence with its famous phrase "all men are created equal," Thomas Jefferson owned more than 100 slaves. T/F

true

Deists and members of evangelical sects worked together to separate church and state. T/F

true

During the Revolution, American Indians were divided in allegiance. T/F

true

Evangelical Christians supported the separation of church and state following the American Revolution because they wanted to protect religion from the corrupting embrace of government. T/F

true

Except for New York, all new states barred Jews from voting. T/F

true

From 1776 to 1807, women were legally allowed to vote in New Jersey. T/F

true

In eighteenth-century America, the idea of "companionate" marriage included the notion that men and women would marry voluntarily and live in a mutual, affectionate relationship. T/F

true

Indentured servitude went into rapid decline following national independence. T/F

true

Initially, African-Americans saw the ideals of the Revolution as an opportunity to claim their freedom. T/F

true

James Otis argued that black colonists were entitled to the same civil rights as any British subject. T/F

true

Loyalists who did not leave the country were quickly reintegrated into American society. T/F

true

Lucy Knox, the wife of General Henry Knox, wrote to her husband during the war that when he returned home he should not consider himself, "commander in chief of your own house, but be convinced that there is such a thing as equal command." T/F

true

Many women who entered public debate felt the need to apologize for their forthrightness. T/F

true

Militias did much to promote the expansion of political democracy in revolutionary America. T/F

true

Some Americans employed the Revolutionary language of equality on behalf of women's rights. T/F

true

The Declaration of Independence elevated the principle of equality to a central place in the American conception of freedom. T/F

true

The years following independence saw the emergence of free black communities, especially in the northern states. T/F

true

While fighting in the American Revolution, Deborah Sampson extracted a bullet from her own leg to keep doctors from discovering her true identity. T/F

true

While not granted to many Americans, suffrage by 1776 was often considered, in the United States, to be synonymous with freedom. T/F

true