Chapter 6-9
What is the periodic trend of metallic characteristics?
As we go across it decreases, and as you go down it increases.
What is the periodic trend of the atomic size?
As you go across it increases, and as you go down it decreases.
What are the coefficients for the following reaction when it is properly balanced? ___Na₃PO₄+___Ba(NO₃)₂→___NaNO₃+___Ba₃(PO₄)₂
2Na₃PO₄+3Ba(NO₃)₂→6NaNO₃+1Ba₃(PO₄)₂
What is the limiting reactant for the following reaction given we have 3.4 moles of Ca(NO₃)₂ and 2.4 moles of Li₃PO₄? Reaction: 3Ca(NO₃)₂+ 2Li₃PO₄→6LiNO₃+ Ca₃(PO₄)₂
3.4 mol Ca(NO₃)₂ * 1Ca₃(PO₄)₂/3Ca(NO₃)₂=1.13 2.4 mol Li₃PO₄* 1Ca₃(PO₄)₂/2Li₃PO₄=1.2 Ca(NO₃)₂ is the limiting reactant.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) contains 40.92% carbon, 4.58% hydrogen, and 54.50% oxygen by mass. Assume a 100-g sample of ascorbic acid. How many moles of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are present in a 100-g sample of ascorbic acid?
3.407 mol C, 4.53 mol H, 3.406 mol O
Calculate the mass percent composition of nitrogen in NO₂.
30.45%
What is the mass of 1 mol of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₂?
342.34g
The theoretical yield of a reaction is 75.0 grams of product and the actual yield is 42.0 g. What is the percent yield?
42/75*100%= 56%
What is the mass of 1 mol of Cr?
52g
What is the mass in grams of 1.8 moles of S?
58 g
Calculate the mass percent composition of nitrogen in N₂O.
63.65%
What is the mass of 1 mol of CH₂Cl₂?
84.93g
What is the periodic trend of ionization energy?
As you go down it decreases, and as you go to the right it increases.
How do you find mass percent?
By dividing the mass of the element by the compound mass and multiplying that by 100%.
A 0.45-g sample of aspirin is decomposed into its constituent elements and found to contain 0.27g C, 0.020 g H, and 0.16 g O. What is the percent composition of C, H, and O in aspirin?
C=(0.27/0.45)*100%= 60% H=(0.020/0.45)*100%=4.4% 0=(0.16/0.45)*100%=36%
How do you find the theoretical yield?
Convert the moles of reactants given into grams of the product that is being asked for. The smaller value is going to be you theoretical yield.
Which of the following atoms is largest? A) Na B) K C) Rb D) Cs
Cs
What is the true molecular formula of a compound (molar mass: 205.4 g/mol) when the empirical formula is C₃H₅?
C₁₅H₂₅
What is the empirical formula for ascorbic acid, given that the pseudoformula is C₃∙₄₀₇H₄.₅₃O₃.₄₀₆?
C₃H₄O₃
What is the pseudoformula of ascorbic acid, given that ascorbic acid contains 3.407 mol of carbon, 4.53 mol of hydrogen, and 3.406 mol of oxygen?
C₃∙₄₀₇H₄.₅₃O₃.₄₀₆
Ascorbic acid has a molar mass of 176.14g/mol. What is the molecular formula of ascorbic acid?
C₆H₈O₆
How do you convert the empirical formula to the molecular formula?
Divide the molar mass by the empirical formula mass to find n. Then, you will take n and multiply it by the empirical formula.
Arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius: Si, F, K, Mg, S
F, S, Si, Mg, K
An iron chloride compound contains 7.53 grams of iron and 14.4 grams of chlorine. What is the most likely empirical formula for this compound?
FeCl₃
When filling orbitals of equal energy, electrons fill them singly first before a second electron is added to an orbital. This is known as:
Hund's Rule
Which is a spectator ion from the following complete ionic equation: Ag⁺(aq)+NO₃⁻(aq)+K⁺(aq)+Br⁻(aq)→AgBr(s)+K⁺(aq)+NO₃⁻(aq)
K⁺
How do you find mass percent?
Mass of X in a sample of the compound/ Mass of the sample of the compound *100
Which of the following elements has the highest ionization energy? A) Ba B) Ca C) Ne D) Cl
Ne
Considering the following precipitation reaction: Pb(NO₃)₂(aq)+2KI(aq)→PbI₂(s)+2KNO₃(aq) What is the correct complete ionic equation?
Pb⁺²+2NO₃⁻+2K⁺+2I⁻→PbI₂(s)+2K⁺+2NO₃⁻
How do you find the percent composition of an element?
Percent composition=(mass of the element/mass of the compound) *100%
A reaction which forms a solid product is an example of a(n) .
Precipitation reaction
Calculate the molar mass of calcium nitrate.
Ca(NO₃)₂=40.08+(14.01*2)+(16*6)=164.10 grams
How do you find the percent yield?
(Actual yield/ theoretical yield) *100%
Which has a higher ionization energy? (a) As or Bi (b) As or Br (c) S or I (d) S or Sb
(a) As (b) Br (c) Cannot be determined (d) S
Which element has the larger atom? (a) Al or In (b) Si or N (c) P or Pb (d) C or F
(a) In (b) Si (c) Pb (d) C
Which is more metallic? (a) Sr or Sb (b) As or Bi (c) Cl or O (d) S or As
(a) Sr (b) Bi (c) Cannot be determined (d) As
How many moles of chlorine gas are needed to make 0.6 moles of sodium chloride? Given the reaction: 2 2Na+Cl₂→2NaCl
0.3 moles od Cl
Determine the number of molese of H in 0.0750 mol of N₂H₄.
0.300 mol
Write the conversion factor between moles of each constituent element and mole of the compound for C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.
1 mole of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁= 12 mols C 1 mole of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁= 22 mols H 1 mole of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁= 11 mols O
What are the conversion ratio is used to go from atoms to moles?
1 mole/ 6.022*10²³ atoms
How do you find the empirical formula?
1. Calculate the mass of each element. 2. Convert each mass into moles. 3. Create a pseudo-formula. (Ti₀∙₀₆₇₇O₀∙₁₃₅) 4. Divide all the subscripts by the smallest subscript. 5. If these are not all whole numbers than multiply all subscripts by a small enough number that they will be whole.
How do you find the true molecular formula?
1. Find the empirical formula molar mass 2. Divide the molar mass by the empirical formula molar mass to find n 3. Multiply the empirical formula by n to get the molecular formula
What is the mass in grams of 5.6 mol W?
1000 g
How many grams are in 10.2 moles of NH₃?
174 grams of NH₃
What is the mass of 1 mol of Pt?
195.08 grams
What is the electron configuration for P?
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p³ or [Ne]3s²3p³
What is the electron configuration for Kr?
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶ or [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶
How many electrons can exist in an orbital?
2
What are the coefficients for the following reaction when it is properly balanced? __potassium iodide+__lead (II) iodide→__lead (II) iodide +___ potassium acetate
2 potassium iodide+lead (II) iodide→lead (II) iodide +2 potassium acetate
Calculate the mass in grams of a single water molecule.
2.992*10⁻²³ g To find this you would convert molecules of H₂O to moles of H₂O, then you would convert moles of H₂O to grams of H₂O.
How many moles of Cu are in 1.48*10²⁵ Cu atoms?
24.6 Moles of Cu
What is the mass percent of carbon in oxalic acid, H₂C₂O₄?
26.7%
List the number of core electrons and valence electrons for Br.
28 and 7
Determine the number of moles of H in 9.35 mols of NH₃.
28.1 mol
How many grams of water are theoretically produced for the following reaction given we have 2.60 moles of HCl and 1.40 moles of Ca(OH)₂? Reaction: 2HCl+Ca(OH)₂→2H₂O+CaCl₂
46.8 grams of H₂O
A compound containing phosphorus and oxygen has a molar mass of 219.9 g/mol and an empirical formula of P₂O₃. What is the molecular formula?
P₄O₆
Which of the following atoms has the least metallic characteristics? A) Li B) As C) S D) Cs
S
What is ionization energy?
The energy needed to remove an electron from the atom.
How are the molar mass and empirical formula mass of a compound related?
The molar mass is a whole-number multiple of the empirical formula mass.
Which sub-shell letter corresponds to a spherical orbital?
The s sub shell corresponds to a spherical orbital.
How do you find the limiting reactant?
Using the mole to mole conversion ratios, you convert the two reactant's moles into moles of one of the products. The one that creates the smaller amount of moles is the limiting factor.
How do you find the molar mass of a compound?
You take the atomic mass of each atom of an element and add them together.
How do you go from grams to moles?
grams * 1 mol of X element/ the molar mass of X element
The empirical formula of a compound:
indicates the simplest ratio of atoms in the compound.
Which of the following compounds in INSOLUBLE? A) magnesium phosphate B) magnesium sulfate C) magnesium iodide D) magnesium nitrate
magnesium phosphate
What is the formula for going from grams of one element to grams of a different element?
mass compound→moles compound→moles element→mass element
Which of the following compounds is SOLUBLE? A) copper carbonate B) calcium carbonate C) potassium carbonate D) strontium carbonate
potassium carbonate
Do non-metals receive or give electrons?
receive
What type of reaction is the generic equation AB→A+B?
synthesis/combination