Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
animal and plant cells
the mitochondria, the ER, the Golgi app, cytoskeleton nucleus, and plasma membrane are found in
nucleus
Which large organelle contains most of the genes that control the cell?
Tight junctions
Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?
E
Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
Rough ER
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?
D
Which of these provides the cell with structural support?
A
Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?
plant cells
chloroplast, cellulose cell wall, and central vacuole are found only in
smooth ER
In addition to storing calcium, the __________ also plays a role in detoxification and lipid synthesis.
nucleoid region
Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the ________.
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____.
microtubules
Can you name the rods that shape and support the cell, and serve as tracks along which other organelles can move?
C
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA
Flagellum
Name the appendage that propels the cell
fimbriae
Name the structures that are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Gap junctions
Which junction allows the free passage of small molecules between adjacent cells?
Gap junctions
Which junction is most similar to plasmodesmata?
Tight junctions
Which junction prevents the leakage of fluid between cells?
Desmosomes
Which junction uses keratin fibers to join cells to each other?
Desmosomes
Which junctions are also known as anchoring junctions?
Gap junctions
Which junctions are also known as communicating junctions?
chromatin
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.
Desmosomes
The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.
C
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
Tight junctions
These junctions form a barrier that prevents fluids from moving between cells.
Mitochondrion
This organelle carries out cellular respiration, the process of converting the chemical energy of sugars and other molecules to chemical energy in the form of ATP.
plasma membrane
What acts as a selective barrier, allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes?
Rough ER
What are the membranous tubules and sacs where secretory proteins and membranes are manufactured?
microfilaments
What are thin, solid protein rods, especially numerous in muscle cells, involved in cell support and movement?
nuclear envelope
What is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
protection
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
Chromatin
What is the name given to the strands containing DNA (genes) along with associated protein?
cell wall
What is the name of the rigid structure, outside the prokaryote's plasma membrane, that surrounds, supports, and protects the cell?
cell wall
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
ribosomes
What small structures serve as the sites of protein synthesis?
Smooth ER
What's the portion of the endomembrane system important in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage?
capsule
What's the sticky, jellylike protective layer outside the cell wall of a prokaryote?
nucleolus
Where are ribosomal subunits made?
nucleoid region
Where is the cell's DNA, containing the genes that control the cell in a prokaryote?
lysosome
Where would you find a stockpile of digestive enzymes, important in breaking down nutrients, destroying bacteria, recycling, and development?
centrioles
Which cell components are identical in structure to basal bodies?
Peroxisome
Which organelle carries out diverse metabolic processes and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product, which it converts to water (H2O)?
Golgi App
Which organelle modifies, stores, and repackages products of the ER, mostly for secretion?
lysosome
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
Gap junctions
_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.
Basal bodies
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
Gap
_____ junctions allow for the passage of material between cells, thus facilitating communication between these cells.
Transcription
____________ is the first of the two main steps of protein synthesis.
animal cells
centrioles are found only in
